Letter sent by 'Loll' (Princess Eleonore Maria) to Madeleine Pinkerton. Ref: 24.07.1938 24th July 1938 1/2 Letter sent by 'Loll' (Princess Eleonore Maria) to Madeleine Pinkerton. Ref: 24.07.1938 There are 60 letters in the 'Wittlesbach' series, written by the four Princesses . SEE THE FOOT OF THIS PAGE FOR LINKS TO THESE LETTERS Current letter The current letter has no envelope 24th July 1938 Sarvar to 27 Queens Square, Bath Dear Madeleine! Thank you very much for your letter. Please forgive for not answering sooner. I have been away from Sarvar. I went to Bavaria with my father and Ludwig. Ludwig was sailing in the regattas. I went to Lindau to my relations. Baby, the naughty girl, opened your letter and then sent it to me. I was very lucky to meet Muck in Munchen and went sight-seeing for two days with Mharie Irvine, Mucks Scottish friend. Muck stayed for some more days in Bavaria, while I went home to Sarvar. I have been very busy preparing everything for Babys wedding. We shall be about 40 persons. And are very proud to be able to have 13 guests in the castle. The rest must stay with some neighbours as the only hotel here is very bad. Yesterday Muck arrived with Mharie. Today we have had grand festivities about a flag-dedication. Yesterday there was a serenade in the courtyard. 25.VII I had no time to continue yesterday. There is already one of my cousins staying here. This week we expect some of the aunts and heaps of cousins. We are a very big family. I am looking forward to see Deidi with husband and son. Thanks awfully much for the film books. Baby and I spent some very good afternoons studying them. Muck has just had a fitting of her bridesmaid dress. Mine is finished a long time ago. We will be about 8 bridesmaids. Rasso and a brother of Marieliesl Croy will bear the train, which is 3 yards on the ground. We are all very excited about the wedding and I have still heaps to do. So good-bye. Muck was delighted with her stay in Bath. It was so kind of you to ask her. She enjoyed herself very much. Fondest love Loll Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.646 (05.04.1937) Mi.646 (05.04.1937) 1/1 Miniature sheet first issued on 5th April 1937 to celebrate Adolf Hitler’s 48th birthday. Mi.Block 7 (perforated). Individual stamp Mi.646. ADD '20 VIERERBLOCKS' Ref: 17/83 next 3rd Reich stamp issue Block 7 (Mi.646). Ref: 03.03.1938 - 1/9. Poor example on cover. Posted from Stuttgart to London. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Reply envelope envelope addressed to 'Firma Kurt Heilmann' from Curt Degenfeld-Ley (a merchant) having the address 'Katharinenstr.4 (Griechenhaus) Hof'. See below for notes on the 'Greek House'. The postage stamp is tied with the special cancellation for 'Tag Des grossdeutschen Reichs' and to the upper left there is a violet hand-stamp which reads, 'Am 10. April dem Führer Dein Ja!' Ref: 09.04.1938 - 16/90 Notes on the senders address: The building at Katharinenstraße 4 near the market was a trading courtyard built in 1640 with a closed baroque façade facing the street, it resembled the adjacent house no. 2. At that time, Katharinenstraße was 'the most magnificent street in the city'. In the standard work Leipziger Barock, the art historian Nikolaus Pevsner describes the building as having high quality and lively ornamentation. The house and its predecessor buildings had been owned by major merchants since the 15th century, and from 1623 to 1804 by the Steger family, which also included the Electorate of Saxony lawyer and Leipzig mayor Adrian Steger. From the end of the 16th century, silk, cotton and fur traders from southeastern Europe came to the German markets, twice a year to the Leipzig Trade Fair (Greeks followed from the end of the 17th century). The building stood opposite the Old Weigh House and served as accommodation and a meeting place for these trade fair visitors. The rear courtyards were rented to merchants (note that the address for the merchant above, Curt Degenfeld-Ley includes the word 'Hof' - courtyard), and there were also inns in the complex . As early as 1700, Greek Orthodox services were held in the building known as the Greek Prayer House, and regularly from 1751 to 1909. A chapel room was set up for this purpose in the 18th century. In 1858, the Greek House was recognised as the first Orthodox church in Germany. In addition to Greek, it also served Russian and Romanian believers. The congregation was mainly made up of merchants and students. The theologian Eugenios Voulgaris lived there during his stay in Leipzig from 1763 to 1771. In 1808 and 1813, the Russian Tsar Alexander I visited the house and also attended church services. Since 1887, the building was officially called the Greek House (Griechenhaus). On 4th December 1943, the Greek House was destroyed by bombing. A new building now stands in its place, which houses, among other things, the famous Pinguin milk bar. Since 1999, there has been a memorial plaque on the building that refers to the former Greek House. The term Greek House is still used by the German-Greek Society Greek House Leipzig eV. Source: Wikipedia 9th April 1938 Anschluss Hand-stamp Slogans 1/1 Reply envelope envelope addressed to 'Firma Kurt Heilmann' from Curt Degenfeld-Ley (a merchant) having the address 'Katharinenstr.4 (Griechenhaus) Hof'. See below for notes on the 'Greek House'. The postage stamp is tied with the special cancellation for 'Tag Des grossdeutschen Reichs' and to the upper left there is a violet hand-stamp which reads, 'Am 10. April dem Führer Dein Ja!' Ref: 09.04.1938 - 16/90 Notes on the senders address: The building at Katharinenstraße 4 near the market was a trading courtyard built in 1640 with a closed baroque façade facing the street, it resembled the adjacent house no. 2. At that time, Katharinenstraße was 'the most magnificent street in the city'. In the standard work Leipziger Barock, the art historian Nikolaus Pevsner describes the building as having high quality and lively ornamentation. The house and its predecessor buildings had been owned by major merchants since the 15th century, and from 1623 to 1804 by the Steger family, which also included the Electorate of Saxony lawyer and Leipzig mayor Adrian Steger. From the end of the 16th century, silk, cotton and fur traders from southeastern Europe came to the German markets, twice a year to the Leipzig Trade Fair (Greeks followed from the end of the 17th century). The building stood opposite the Old Weigh House and served as accommodation and a meeting place for these trade fair visitors. The rear courtyards were rented to merchants (note that the address for the merchant above, Curt Degenfeld-Ley includes the word 'Hof' - courtyard), and there were also inns in the complex . As early as 1700, Greek Orthodox services were held in the building known as the Greek Prayer House, and regularly from 1751 to 1909. A chapel room was set up for this purpose in the 18th century. In 1858, the Greek House was recognised as the first Orthodox church in Germany. In addition to Greek, it also served Russian and Romanian believers. The congregation was mainly made up of merchants and students. The theologian Eugenios Voulgaris lived there during his stay in Leipzig from 1763 to 1771. In 1808 and 1813, the Russian Tsar Alexander I visited the house and also attended church services. Since 1887, the building was officially called the Greek House (Griechenhaus). On 4th December 1943, the Greek House was destroyed by bombing. A new building now stands in its place, which houses, among other things, the famous Pinguin milk bar. Since 1999, there has been a memorial plaque on the building that refers to the former Greek House. The term Greek House is still used by the German-Greek Society Greek House Leipzig eV. Source: Wikipedia See 28/83 ('Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Fuhrer') See 28/92 ('Am 10.April dem Führer Dein Ja!') Further Anschluss Hand-stamp Slogans Commercial cover bearing the special postal cancellation 'Am 10.April dem Führer Dein Ja' (JB:274/829) together with a the hand-stamped slogan 'Ein Volk - ein Reich - ein Führer!/ Am 10.April "Ja" für/ Adolf Hitler!'. Ref: 08.04.1938 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

4th September 1945 4th September 1945 1/1

Censors (unattributed in GT) 1/0

26th July 1935 1/3 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.746 (22.06.1940) 1/0 See 26.06.1940 - 23/97 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Commercial cover sent from Regensburg to Stuttgart. Featuring stamp sequence S221 from MHB 53. Ref: 28.02.1935 - 16/21 28th February 1935 MHB 53 28.02.1935 S221 reverse.jpeg 28.02.1935 S221 reverse.jpeg 1/1 Commercial cover sent from Regensburg to Stuttgart. Featuring stamp sequence S221 from MHB 53. Ref: 28.02.1935 - 16/21 Stamp sequences from booklet sheet MHB 53 S221 (Mi.559+Mi.557) from MHB 53. Ref: 28.02.1935 - 16/21 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

24th June 1946 Deutscher Dentisten 24th June 1946 Deutscher Dentisten 1/1 Postal stationery sent from a dentist in Baden-Baden with recognition of being a member of the Reichsverband Deutscher Dentisten. Ref: 24.06.1946 - 16/74 Reichsverband Deutscher Dentisten ( Reich Association of German Dentists) Soon after the constitution of the North German Confederation (1861–1871) came into force on 16th April 1867, the first licensing regulations called 'Announcement concerning the examination of doctors, dentists, veterinarians and pharmacists' were issued in accordance with Section 29 of the Trade Regulations for the North German Confederation in 1869. In 1872, it also became legally effective for the newly founded German Empire, according to which anyone was allowed to treat sick people without proof of appropriate training. Unlicensed medical practitioners soon began to change the job title 'dental artist' to 'dentist'. For unlicensed dental practitioners, dentists in turn suggested the (derogatory) job titles 'dental worker' or 'denture worker'. With regard to the job title dentist , they indignantly referred to the Romansh and Anglo-Saxon usage, according to which the terms 'dentiste' and 'dentist' referred to a licensed dentist. However, a sworn expert on foreign languages came to the following conclusion in a court report in 1907: 'The meaning of the word 'dentist' can be broken down into two parts, depending on what it is composed of: dens = tooth and the suffix 'ist'. The same suffix is used in many words for people who practice some kind of occupation, business, art, etc., for example ars = art, artist = artist, one who practices the arts. It is obvious that such terms do not contain any title, but rather the term 'dentist' is to be understood as a person who treats teeth, so that the term 'dental artist, dental technician' would mean the same thing as 'dentist'. So the person who calls himself a dentist is a dental technician who practices a free trade and who does not claim a title and is not entitled to one. Those who claim and are entitled to the title and who have passed an exam are dentists or, depending on their university education, doctors of dental practice. Therefore, neither foreigners nor nationals can confuse a dentist with a dental practitioner.' In 1908, the 'Association of German Dental Artists' changed its name to the 'Association of Dentists in the German Empire' (VDDR). In the following years, the term 'dentist' found its way into official language - despite protests from dentists. In 1910, training to become a dentist in Germany took at least six years. Three of these years were spent with a dentist, and one year was spent training in prosthetics , primarily with a dentist. This was followed by four semesters of training at a dental training institute, with a final examination. Licensed medical professionals were authorised to teach at dental training institutes. In 1920, dental training was recognised by the state. After completing the state dental examination, graduates were 'state-certified dentists'. They did not receive a license to practice. During the Nazi era, SA-Oberführer Fritz Blumenstein (1898–1993) was the Reich's Dentist Leader and from 1940 head of the Statutory Health Insurance Dentists' Association of Germany. During the Third Reich, the 'Reich Association of German Dentists' showed a great willingness to serve the Nazi regime in terms of professional politics in order to defend the market position of dental practitioners (which was contested by the organised dental profession). In 1949, the dualism between dentists and dentists came to an end in the Soviet occupation zone (Leipzig Agreement). The legal basis was the 'Order on the Licensing of Dentists of March 2, 1949' , which was issued by the Health Department of the German Economic Commission. The order stipulated that dentists would be accepted into the dental profession or prepared for an abbreviated university course after an appropriate period of training, which was based on the length of their practice. Source: Wikipedia.de Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

5th March 1940 Barlog 1468 1/1 Barlog cartoon postcard depicting a soldier seemingly short of money at the shop counter. Bestell-Nr.1468 (inc. waitress - see Nr.8709). Sent from a soldier of Batterie 640 and bearing the date cancel of Jüterbog-Neues Lager. Ref: 05.03.1940 The caption reads: Translation required Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

9th March 1943 Cartolina Postale 9th March 1943 Cartolina Postale 1/1 CARTOLINA POSTALE PER LE FORZE ARMATE. Italian propaganda postcard sent from ''POSTA MILITARE 132', (indicting that it originates from the Divisione 'ARIETE'), to an address in Busto Arsizio. Ref: 09.03.1943 'Gli atti di valore compiuti da ufficiali e da soldati italiani dell'Esercito sui fonti terrestri sono tali da inorgoglire legittimamente la Nazione.' MUSSOLINI (The acts of valour performed by Italian officers and soldiers of the Army on land are such that they legitimately honour the Nation) Example of the same slogan featured on an earlier postcard sent in 1942 (note the correspondents are the same). Ref: 02.04.1942 132nd Armored Division 'Ariete' From Wikipedia: Only part of the Ariete had reached El Alamein on 3rd July 1942 during the initial stage of the First Battle of El Alamein. The division's artillery was caught on the move by British forces engaged in a flanking attack and suffered heavy casualties in the ensuing clash. On 30th August 1942 the Ariete participated in the Battle of Alam el Halfa, but the Axis plan to outflank and encircle the British forces at El Alamein failed. On 4th November 1942 during the Second Battle of El Alamein the Ariete was surrounded by advancing enemy forces and the division's commander General Francesco Antonio Arena broadcast the division's last message. Of the division's units only the XIII Tank Battalion "M" and about 200 Bersaglieri with six 75/18 self-propelled guns escaped, but were overtaken and destroyed by British forces on the coastal road near Fuka on 5th–6th November 1942. Rommel mourned the loss of the division, writing that its final action had been conducted with exemplary courage and that 'in the Ariete we lost our oldest Italian comrades, from whom we had probably always demanded more than they, with their poor armament, had been capable of performing'. The 132nd Armored Division 'Ariete' was declared lost due to wartime events on 8th December 1942. On 21st November 1942, the Ariete's remaining personnel and the remnants of the 101st Motorized Division 'Trieste' and 133rd Armored Division 'Littorio' were organized as Tactical Group 'Ariete', which kept fighting throughout the retreat, including a successful rearguard action at the Battle of El Agheila. During the Tunisian Campaign the Tactical Group 'Ariete' was reorganized as the 132nd Anti-tank Regiment, which joined the 131st Armored Division 'Centauro'. The last survivors of the Ariete surrendered with the rest of the Axis forces in North Africa on 13 May 1943. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

27th August 1943 'Senza il Grasso...' 27th August 1943 'Senza il Grasso...' 1/1 CARTOLINA POSTALE PER LE FORZA ARMATE. Italian postcard sent via 'Posta Militare' (PM 23) from Greece to Treviso. Featuring the image of mobile artillery above a propaganda message. Ref: 27.08.1943 Aslo see 21.07.1943 'SENZA IL GRASSO IL CANNONE NON SPARA Un terzo del peso delle cariche esplosive è costituito di sostanze grasse' ('WITHOUT THE GREASE THE CANNON DOES NOT FIRE One third of the weight of explosive charges is made up of grease') Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page