Postcard featuring Mi.479, the cover picture depicting a 'generic' image of either the General San Martin or General Artigas of the Hamburg-Amerika Line. The printed correspondence text states, 'An Bord....' with blank space to add the ships name. Ref: 21.10.1933. 12th April 1933 Mi.479-481 Postcard featuring Mi.479, the cover picture depicting a 'generic' image of either the General San Martin or General Artigas of the Hamburg-Amerika Line. The printed correspondence text states, 'An Bord....' with blank space to add the ships name. Ref: 21.10.1933. Mi.479 - 481 Opening session of the new Reichstag in Potsdam Notes: Design: After a painting by A. von Menzel entitled 'Der Alte Fritz' (The Old Fritz). Photogravure printing . Sheets 10 x 10. Watermark : Mesh. Perf. 14 x 14¼ (Harper & Scheck = 14½). Quantity issued: unknown. Valid until 31.12.1935 See Germania Vol.6/1 pp.39-43 Mi.479 - 6 Pf Deep blue green - Friedrich the Great (Ref: 21.10.1933) Mi.480 - 12 Pf Carmine - Friedrich the Great (Ref: 28.07.1933) Mi.481 - 25 Pf Ultramarine - Friedrich the Great (Ref: 17.05.1933 - 10/6) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Commercial cover ('Sächs. Staatslotterie-Einnahme' = Saxony State Lottery Receipts) with 4pf light blue stamp (Mi.467) commemorating the 85th Birthday of President von Hindenburg (issued on 1st October 1932 and superseded in May 1933). Ref: 24.03.1933 24th March 1933 Third Reich - First Day Commercial cover ('Sächs. Staatslotterie-Einnahme' = Saxony State Lottery Receipts) with 4pf light blue stamp (Mi.467) commemorating the 85th Birthday of President von Hindenburg (issued on 1st October 1932 and superseded in May 1933). Ref: 24.03.1933 The Third Reich - Its first day on 24th March 1933? Notes Third Reich first established in literature by Arthur Moeller van der Bruck in Das Dritte Reich published in 1923. 'Written at a time when the Weimar Republic was struggling to contain revolutionary forces from both the right and left, Moeller’s treatise espoused a conservative doctrine that called for the elevation of German intellectualism and nationalism. Both Marxism and Western-style democracy were regarded as impediments to Germany’s rightful ascent to supremacy in Europe, and Moeller proposed that the realization of the Third, or final, Empire would see the harmonious fusion of Germany’s socialist and conservative movements. Positioning his theoretical Reich as the third in a series may have been an attempt to evoke the Hegelian concept of synthesis or an invocation of Joachim of Fiore’s Trinitarian philosophy of history. Moeller’s Third Reich was not, however, overtly national socialist in character.' (Source: Encyclopedia Britannica) 'Third' Empire: The First German Empire can be identified historically as the period beginning in the 9th cenutry to 1806. It has been known as the German Empire, Roman-German Empire, the old Empire, and latterly as the First Reich. The Second German Empire can be identified historically as the period beginning on 18th January 1871 and ending on 9th November 1918. It has been known as the German Empire, Imperial Germany, the Second Reich, and simply Germany. The German Reich, commonly known as the Weimar Republic, came into being on the 9th November 1918 and lasted until 23rd March 1933. The Third German Empire can be construed as beginning on the 23rd March 1933 following the establishment of the Enabling Act of 1933 and the end of the Weimar Republic. However, certain key dates serve as a path in its establishment that need clarification: 30th January 1933 - Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany (by President Paul von Hindenburg). This is during the Weimar Republic and is referred to as the 'Seizure of Power'. 28th February 1933 - The Reichstag Fire Decree. Following a day after the Reichstag Fire, President Paul von Hindenburg was persuaded by Adolf Hitler to nullify key liberties valued by German citizens under the pretence of averting unrest and civil war. A charge firmly laid at the door of the opposition Communist Party (KDP) and those opposing the NSDAP. 14th July 1933 - The enactment of the Law Against the Formation of Parties that established the Nazi Party (NSDAP) as the only legal political party in Germany. 1st August 1934 - The enactment of the Law Concerning the Head of State of the German Reich. This law consolidated the roles of President and Chancellor into one entity, that being Adolf Hitler. 19th August 1934 - The referendum on merging the posts of President and Chancellor to which nearly 90% of the voters responded positively. Thus Adolf Hitler was legitimatised as both Chancellor and Führer. Amongst other moves to establish control of Germany, there is no doubt that the concepts of Third Reich was building on firm dictatorial foundations. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Commercial wrapper sent from Emil Jansen steel goods and mail order company. Featuring an advert for Elastolin figures (S.A., S.S., and Adolf Hitler). Ref: 08.12.1933 8th December 1933 O. & M. Hausser: Elastolin Commercial wrapper sent from Emil Jansen steel goods and mail order company. Featuring an advert for Elastolin figures (S.A., S.S., and Adolf Hitler). Ref: 08.12.1933 Elastolin was the trademark used by the German company O & M Haußer (manufacturing from 1904 - 1983). Emil Jansen is obviously a reseller offering Haußer/Elastolin figures using his own catalogue numbers (and not the references used by Haußer). The image is also used in the 1933 and 1934 Haußer sales catalogues. There were numerous toy soldier manufacturers in pre-war Germany. However, Haußer, and the brand Lineol were by far the most well known. Also see: O. & M. Hausser: Scherenschnitte Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Ross-Verlag postcard depicting actor Johannes Riemann (signed). With a hand-stamped declaration to the message panel stating, 'Autograph requests can only be considered if a self-addressed, stamped envelope and a film postcard are enclosed.' Ref: 15.05.1942 Index Page German Actors Ross-Verlag postcard depicting actor Johannes Riemann (signed). With a hand-stamped declaration to the message panel stating, 'Autograph requests can only be considered if a self-addressed, stamped envelope and a film postcard are enclosed.' Ref: 15.05.1942 German Actors Link: Actresses A ALBACH-RETTY, Wolf (1906-1967) B BIRGEL , Willy (1891-1973) BRAUN , Hermann (1918-1945) BRENNECKE , Joachim (1919-2011) - see 36/11 BREUER , Siegfried (1906-1954) - see 36/7 C D DELTGEN, René (1909-1979) DIEHL , Karl Ludwig (1986-1958) - see 28/23 DIESSL , Gustav (1899-1948) - see 36/10 E F FORSTER , Rudolf (1884-1968) FRITSCH , Willy (1901-1973) FRÖHLICH, Gustav (1902-1987) FUETTERER, Werner (1907-1991) G H HARTMANN, Paul (1889-1977) HEESTERS, Johannes (1903-2011) HEHN, Albert (1908-1983) HENCKELS, Paul (1885-1967) HOLT, Hans (1909-2001) HÖRBIGER , Paul (1894-1981) HUBSCHMID, Paul (1917-2001) I J K KAMPERS , Fritz (1891-1950) KAYSSLER, Friedrich (1974-1945) KIEPURA, Jan (1902-1966) KLÖPFER, Eugen (1886-1950) KREUTZBERG , Harald (1902-1968) - see 36/6 L LIEBENEINER, Wolfgang (1905-1987) LIEDTKE , Harry (1882-1945) LINGEN, Theo (1903-1978) M MATTERSTOCK , Albert (1911-1960) - see 36/4 MÜLLER-GRAF, Kurt (1913-2013) N O OHLSEN, Heinz (1922-1999) P PETROVICH, Ivan (1894-1962) Q QUADFLIEG, Will (1914-2003) R RADDATZ , Carl (1912-2004) - see 36/12 RIEMANN , Johannes (1888-1959) - Staatsschauspieler RICHTER, Paul (1895-1961) ROHRINGER , Norbert (1927-2009) - Gottbegnadeten RÜHMANN, Heinz (1902-1994) S SCHOENHALS, Albrecht (1888-1978) SCHÖNBÖCK, Karl (1909-2001) SCHMITZ , Ludwig (1884-1954) - see 30/43 SÖHNKER , Hans (1903-1981) - see 36/3 SPEELMANS , Hermann (1902-1960) - see 36/5 STELZER, Hannes (1910-1944) STÖCKEL , Joe (1894-1959) - see 36/8 STÜWE, Hans (1901-1976) T TRENKER, Luis (1892-1990) U URTEL, Martin (1914-1989) V W WALDAU, Gustav (1871-1958) WAGNER, Fritz (1915-1982) WEIH, Rolf (1906-1969) WENDL , Rudolf A. (????-????) WIEMAN , Mathias (1902-1969) - see 36/9 X Y Z Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Index page ABP Hamburg: Closures (FV) FV2.1 - see 33/65, 33/72, 33/85 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Propaganda postcard depicting Neville Chamberlain as 'Wert keinen pfennig' (not worth a pfennig). The card was issued on 1st May 1940, just ten days before Chamberlain's resignation as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Issued alongside a similar depiction of Winston Churchill (see link below). Ref: 01.07.1940 1st July 1940 Chamberlain Propaganda postcard depicting Neville Chamberlain as 'Wert keinen pfennig' (not worth a pfennig). The card was issued on 1st May 1940, just ten days before Chamberlain's resignation as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Issued alongside a similar depiction of Winston Churchill (see link below). Ref: 01.07.1940 Alternative imprint of the Chamberlain postcard - the ASHELM logo is less clearly defined, the length of the central horizontal line from top to the bottom of the word ASHELM is 94mm (as opposed to 95mm - the ASHELM logo is larger on the postcard dated 01.07.1940), there are four clear address lines (as opposed to five). Note: This postcard appears to have been altered by being cut short at the foot, thereby not displaying the imprint numbers. Ref: 18.05.1940 only shown here.

Postcard depicting 'Adolf Hitlerstraße' in Lörrach (postcard difficult to scan). Ref: 21.05.1933 (Note: Date on postcard cannot be read. On 21st May 1933 this street in Lörrach (Reichsstraße?) was renamed 'Adolf Hitlerstraße. The 15pf Hindenburg Medallion post-dates the re-naming (Mi.488, Aug. 1933; Mi.520, Apr.1934). 21st May 1933 Lörrach Postcard depicting 'Adolf Hitlerstraße' in Lörrach (postcard difficult to scan). Ref: 21.05.1933 (Note: Date on postcard cannot be read. On 21st May 1933 this street in Lörrach (Reichsstraße?) was renamed 'Adolf Hitlerstraße. The 15pf Hindenburg Medallion post-dates the re-naming (Mi.488, Aug. 1933; Mi.520, Apr.1934). Lörrach Lörrach is a city in southwest Germany, in the valley of the Wiese, close to the French and the Swiss borders. It is the district seat of the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg. It is the home of a number of large employers, including the Milka chocolate factory owned by Mondelez International. The city population has grown over the last century, with only 10,794 in 1905, it has now increased its population to 49,382. Admission ticket for the 'Tag der Briefmarke' show as organised by the K.d.F. in Lörrach. Ref: 11.01.1942 - 33/45 1945: Air raid on Brombach and Lörrach: On 24th April, French troops occupied the city. Source: Wikipedia One October morning in 1940, Nazi authorities in the small German town of Lörrach notified Jewish inhabitants that they had two hours to pack. The town’s Jewish residents were then deported to the Gurs internment camp in France. This photograph (see website below) shows Nazi officials carrying out the deportations. Children peek from behind the line of deportees. Onlookers watch from a balcony above. Most of the 65 Jewish people deported from Lörrach that day were later transported to Auschwitz, a killing center in occupied Poland. Few survived. After the deportations in Lörrach, ads appeared in local newspapers promoting an auction of deportees’ property. Residents showed up to buy the belongings of their former neighbors. In auctions across Germany, auctioneers, Nazi authorities, and the German state collected large sums from the sale of Jewish people’s possessions. The people watching these auctions could not have known that most of those deportees would later be murdered. However, the auction signaled that they would not return to the town. Many reading the newspaper in Lörrach on 22nd November 1940, would likely have seen this announcement for an auction of goods at 29 School Street. The apartment had belonged to two Jewish German women, Fanny Grunkin and her daughter, Marie. German officials had already deported the two Jewish women to a detention camp in France. A neighbour later recalled: 'The Grunkin family had a beautiful apartment on School Street; the apartment was very well furnished. Nicest of all was Marie’s sewing machine.' With the help of French authorities, German officials sent Marie to the Auschwitz killing center about two years later. She did not return. Fanny survived. The advertisement read: Movables – Auction By order I will auction the following items in Lörrach on Saturday, November 23, 1940, at 10 AM in the house at 29 School Street:1 bedroom suite consisting of 2 complete beds (steel), 1 wardrobe with double doors, 1 nightstand, 1 washstand, 1 table, chairs, 1 console, 1 two-door cupboard, 1 rolltop desk, 1 small table, 1 large table, 1 rattan chair, 1 rattan table, 1 couch, a dressmaker’s sewing machine, 1 dress form, mirror, fire screen, ironing board, 1 shoe rack, 1 dresser, 1 clothing rack, 1 kitchen buffet, 1 kitchen table, 2 stools, 1 gas range, 1 heating pad, 1 table clock, bedside lamps, 1 boucle rug, household and kitchen appliances, and ceiling light fixtures. Officially appointed and sworn auctioneer: W. Pfister Lörrach. 22 Palm Street. Telephone number: 2884 Source: https://exhibitions.ushmm.org/ Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Index page ABP Frankfurt: Pass-through Stamp (ED) Pass-through hand stamps ED1.1 - see 33/82 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

7th August 1940 NS-Frauenkalender See 07.08.1940 - 24/1 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

19th November 1940 Mi.P230 I F Postcard Mi.P230 I F (unperforated (I) 15/15 senders message section (F = Frageteil) sent from Gmund, Niederösterreich to Bozen (Bozano), Italy. Ref: 19.11.1940 Further reaseach: Horst-Wessel Platz in Gmund FPN 38623 (Stürmmann Franz Steinmetz - 13.Kompanie, SS-Totenkopf, 1.Regiment) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

29th March 1940 Blohm and Voss Ha 140 See 29.03.1940 - 23/62 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.745 (30.04.1940) Mi.745 See: 01.09.1940, 18.06.1940, 30/56 next stamp issue