Postcard featuring Mi.479, the cover picture depicting a 'generic' image of either the General San Martin or General Artigas of the Hamburg-Amerika Line. The printed correspondence text states, 'An Bord....' with blank space to add the ships name. Ref: 21.10.1933. 12th April 1933 Mi.479-481 Postcard featuring Mi.479, the cover picture depicting a 'generic' image of either the General San Martin or General Artigas of the Hamburg-Amerika Line. The printed correspondence text states, 'An Bord....' with blank space to add the ships name. Ref: 21.10.1933. Mi.479 - 481 Opening session of the new Reichstag in Potsdam Notes: Design: After a painting by A. von Menzel entitled 'Der Alte Fritz' (The Old Fritz). Photogravure printing . Sheets 10 x 10. Watermark : Mesh. Perf. 14 x 14¼ (Harper & Scheck = 14½). Quantity issued: unknown. Valid until 31.12.1935 See Germania Vol.6/1 pp.39-43 Mi.479 - 6 Pf Deep blue green - Friedrich the Great (Ref: 21.10.1933) Mi.480 - 12 Pf Carmine - Friedrich the Great (Ref: 28.07.1933) Mi.481 - 25 Pf Ultramarine - Friedrich the Great (Ref: 17.05.1933 - 10/6) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Postcard with caption 'Aus dem Schwarzwald', sent from Lauterbach. Featuring a special cancellation (ref: JB:Lauterbach1/462). Ref: 08.06.1934 8th June 1934 Bochmann Lauterbach Postcard with caption 'Aus dem Schwarzwald', sent from Lauterbach. Featuring a special cancellation (ref: JB:Lauterbach1/462). Ref: 08.06.1934 LAUTERBACH cancellation as featured in the Bochmann catalogues (1952) JB:Lauterbach1/462 - 'Kurort/ Gedächtnishaus/ a.d. Fohrenbühl/ des Württ. Schwarzwaldvereins'. Ref: 08.06.1934 This cancellation was used from 1925 until 1937. It is the only special cancellation used in Lauterbach during the Third Reich period. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Cover sent from Austria to Switzerland featuring a propaganda vignette (measuring 72 x 50 mm) to the reverse stating '1933 3.Verbandsturnfest Saaz' on a 'Turnerkreuze'. Ref: 02.01.1933 - 14/54 2nd January 1933 Turnfest Cover sent from Austria to Switzerland featuring a propaganda vignette (measuring 72 x 50 mm) to the reverse stating '1933 3.Verbandsturnfest Saaz' on a 'Turnerkreuze'. Ref: 02.01.1933 - 14/54 The 3rd Gymnastics Festival, Saaz, held between 13th - 16th July 1933, was staged by the Sudeten German politician Konrad Henlein. The event saw some 20,000 Turnerbund members perform carefully choreographed displays. Henlein would later declare the Turnerbund as the 'educational body of Sudeten Germans' . After the Saaz rally Henlein was widely viewed as the 'man of the hour', and knowing that the Czechoslovak authorities were about to ban two main völkisch parties in the Sudetenland as treasonous, Henlein took advantage of the ensuing political vacuum. On 1st October 1933, Henlein founded the Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront (Sudeten German Home Front). [Also see Hans von Tschammer und Osten] The advertising stamp above celebrates the 1st Turnfest in Linz, 1922. It is noted that the symbol being held in the eagles claw is similar but not quite the same as the vignette on the present cover. The original symbol is circular and constructed of four interlocking 'F's. It could easily be construed as an early form of Nazi swastika. The term for this symbol is 'Turnerkreuze' and the 'F's represent the initial letters of the organisations motto, 'Frisch, Fromm, Fröhlich, Frei' (Fresh, Pious, Cheerful, Free). The vignette produced for the Saaz event is overtly designed to reflect the German nationalist sentiment prevalent at the time in the Sudetenland. Turnfest vignettes from the 12th festival held in Leipzig 12th - 16th July 1913 Ref: 15.07.1913 - 10/70 Ref: 15.07.1913 - 10/70 Ref: 15.07.1913 - 10/70 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

4th November 1933 Mi.P224 Mi.P224 - See 05.01.1934 - 24/7 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Official postcard of the Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen depicting the cruise ship 'General von Steuben'. Ref: 16.09.1934 SS General von Steuben was a German passenger liner and later an armed transport ship of the German Navy that was sunk in the Baltic Sea during World War II. She was launched in 1923 as München (after the German city, sometimes spelled Muenchen), renamed General von Steuben in 1930 (after the famous German officer of the American Revolutionary War), and renamed Steuben in 1938. During World War II, the ship served as a troop accommodation vessel, and from 1944 as an armed transport. On 10th February 1945, while evacuating German military personnel, wounded soldiers, and civilian refugees during Operation Hannibal, the ship was torpedoed by the Soviet submarine S-13 and sank. An estimated 4,000 people lost their lives in the sinking. Source: Wikipedia 16th September 1934 Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen Official postcard of the Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen depicting the cruise ship 'General von Steuben'. Ref: 16.09.1934 SS General von Steuben was a German passenger liner and later an armed transport ship of the German Navy that was sunk in the Baltic Sea during World War II. She was launched in 1923 as München (after the German city, sometimes spelled Muenchen), renamed General von Steuben in 1930 (after the famous German officer of the American Revolutionary War), and renamed Steuben in 1938. During World War II, the ship served as a troop accommodation vessel, and from 1944 as an armed transport. On 10th February 1945, while evacuating German military personnel, wounded soldiers, and civilian refugees during Operation Hannibal, the ship was torpedoed by the Soviet submarine S-13 and sank. An estimated 4,000 people lost their lives in the sinking. Source: Wikipedia NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD BREMEN Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) was a German shipping company. It was founded by Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann in Bremen on 20th February 1857. It developed into one of the most important German shipping companies of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was instrumental in the economic development of Bremen and Bremerhaven. On 1st September 1970, the company merged with Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) to form Hapag-Lloyd AG. From 1928 to 1939, the volume of passengers travelling between the US and Europe declined sharply. In 1928, the NDL transported about 8% of a passenger volume of 1,168,414 passengers; in 1932, 16.2% of the 751,592 passengers transported; in 1938, around 11% of 685,655 passengers. In addition, there was significant new competition from new Italian, French and British superliners: the Italian Rex (51,062 GRT) and Conte di Savoia (48,502 GRT), the French Normandie (79,280 GRT), and the British Queen Mary (80,744 GRT). Postal stationery of the NDL Bremen with 25 Pf Hindenburg medallion tied with the cancellation of the SS Bremen. Ref: 13.11.1933 The 1929 economic crisis which began in the US affected the German shipping companies. The NDL and the HAPAG therefore entered into a cooperation agreement in 1930, and beginning in 1935, instituted joint operations in the North Atlantic. The first signs of a merger were visible. By 1932, the NDL was in an economic crisis, with about 5,000 employees let go, salary cuts, and red ink. Glässel was dismissed. The government placed both NDL and HAPAG in trusteeship under Siegfried von Roedern, and following the death of Stimming, Heinrich F. Albert briefly became head of the NDL, followed after some eighteen months by the National Socialist Rudolph Firle. Bremen State Councillor Karl Lindemann was chairman of the board from 1933 to 1945. A programme of economic recovery by divestments and restructuring was initiated. HBAL and the Roland Line became independent companies once more, and other lines took over services to Africa and the Mediterranean. The Nazi regime ordered both NDL and HAPAG to relinquish ships to other lines which were to operate in their regions without competition from other German companies, in particular to Hamburg Süd, the Deutsche Afrika-Linien and the Deutsche Levante Linie. In 1935, the Scharnhorst , Gneisenau , and Potsdam , each with about 18,000 GRT, were placed in service for the Far East. The modernisation of the fleet continued and in 1937 the line made modest profits. In 1939 the Erlangen slipped out of Lyttelton Harbour (New Zealand) on 28th August, on the eve of World War II, ostensibly for Port Kembla, New South Wales, where she was to have filled her coal bunkers for the homeward passage to Europe. She then headed for the subantarctic Auckland Islands, where she successfully evaded the cruiser HMNZS Leander , and re-stocked with food and wood. The freighter then made a desperate and successful escape, using jury-rigged sails, to Valparaíso, Chile, in South America. She then made her way into the South Atlantic where, on 24th July 1941, she was intercepted off Montevideo by HMS Newcastle and scuttled by her crew. In 1939 NDL had in service 70 vessels with a total of 562,371 GRT, including the sail training vessel Kommodore Johnsen (now the Russian STS Sedov ), 3 daytrip ships, 19 tugs and 125 small ships, and employed 12,255, 8,811 on vessels. Nine further freighters were completed after the outbreak of World War II. This entire fleet was either lost during the war or awarded to the Allies as reparations. Columbus had to be sunk in 1939; Bremen burned in 1941; Steuben was sunk in the Baltic in 1945 with the loss of some 4,000 lives; Europa , claimed by France, became the Liberté in 1947. The Reich was the primary stockholder in the company, but in 1941/42, NDL was once more privatised and cigarette manufacturer Philipp Reemtsma became primary stockholder. Dr. Johannes Kulenkampff, a board member since 1932, and Richard Bertram, a board member since 1937, became Chairman in 1942. At the end of World War II the company's headquarters (which had in any case been sold in 1942) had been severely damaged by bombing and all its large vessels either destroyed or seized. It was left with only the freighter Bogotá , which was in Japan. Relicensed by the American military administration on 29th November 1945 as a 'coastal shipping and stevedoring company', it started again, as after World War I, practically from zero, offering tugboat and day-tripper services. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

26th May 1933 News in Brief - Battle Unions ← Previous Next → 'Battle Unions' I receive continued reports that groups of Party comrades and persons associated with the Party, have formed themselves into 'Battle Unions' in order to undertake wild interference in business. The Party membership and all Party bureaus of the N.S.D.A.P., repudiate these happenings with all decisiveness. They realise that the restoration of healthy conditions in German economy and the re-employment of many millions of unemployed men is not advanced but is hindered by these senseless acts of objectionable self-interested policy. I order, therefore, that all 'Battle Unions' which have been formed in the economic field must forthwith be dissolved, regardless of the names by which they are called. I request, in consequence, all Party bureaus to deliver to the courts persons who henceforth set themselves up as commissars, without having been called to the position by the administration or by a public authority. Source: Voelkischer Beobachter, 26th May 1933 (as presented in Hoover, 1933) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Official cover posted from the Bulgarian Embassy in Cologne to an address in Brussels. Ref: 06.12.1934 6th December 1934 Bulgarian Embassy Official cover posted from the Bulgarian Embassy in Cologne to an address in Brussels. Ref: 06.12.1934 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Registered cover sent by airmail from Ravensburg to Texas, featuring postage stamps Mi.529 (5 Pf), Mi.530 (10 Pf), Mi.531 (15 Pf), and Mi.533 (25 Pf). Ref: 18.12.1937 21st January 1934 Mi.529-539 Registered cover sent by airmail from Ravensburg to Texas, featuring postage stamps Mi.529 (5 Pf), Mi.530 (10 Pf), Mi.531 (15 Pf), and Mi.533 (25 Pf). Ref: 18.12.1937 Mi.529 - 539 Airmail stamps: Golden eagle Mi.529 (Ref: 13.05.1935 - 2/107) Mi.530 (Ref:31.03.1938 - 2/7) Mi.531 (Ref: 28.01.1936 - 2/87) Mi.533 (Ref: 31.03.1938 - 2/7) Mi.537 (Ref: 01.12.1938 - 4/31) Mi.538. Ref: 29.09.1938 - 15/56 Mi.539. Ref: 29.09.1938 - 15/56 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Official letter-sheet from the District Court I, Berlin. Featuring a 'Preuss. Langericht I/ Berlin' Court Seal to the reverse. Ref: 17.01.1934 Index 'Doily' Seals (without swastika) Official letter-sheet from the District Court I, Berlin. Featuring a 'Preuss. Langericht I/ Berlin' Court Seal to the reverse. Ref: 17.01.1934 German court 'doily' seals (without swastika) Year date in brackets = date stamp on cover/document Also see: 'Doily' seals (with swastika) ; Court seals (hand-stamp/printed) Berlin (1934). Ref: 17.01.1934 Contact Brief History to inform us of additonal information regarding this page

Cover sent from Berlin to New Jersey, USA and subsequently returned (zurück). Ref: 24.01.1933 24th January 1933 'Zurück' between Reichs Cover sent from Berlin to New Jersey, USA and subsequently returned (zurück). Ref: 24.01.1933 The story of the cover? 24th January 1933 (3 - 4 p.m.) The envelope is posted to Georg Kemling (?) at 257 Union Avenue, Clifton, New Jersey, U.S.A., from the 'Versorgungsamt IV, Berlin' (Pension Office IV, situated on General-Pape-Straße, Berlin-Schöneberg). 3rd February 1933 (2 p.m.) The envelope arrives at the post office in Clifton, N.J. The addressee cannot be located and the alternative address of 57 Highland Avenue in Passiac is written on the cover. 4th February 1933 The envelope is hand stamped by the Passiac post office and sent out for delivery. Once again the recipient cannot be located and the Highland Avenue address is struck through. The envelope is returned to the Passiac post office awaiting to be claimed. Possibly on or about the 19th February 1933 (?) The Passiac post office hand-stamp the envelope with 'Returned to sender, unclaimed from Passiac N.J.' above a hand-script annotation stating, 'Removed - 19 [initials?]' 29th April 1933 About this date the envelope is hand-stamped with 'Zurück' . Written in green ink are the words '29/4 Zurück' (and another word in green ink that hasn't been translated). 2nd May 1933 The envelope is returned to the sender, Pension Office IV, in Berlin-Schönberg. Upon receipt the envelope is hand-stamp with a receipt acknowledgement. Interestingly this cover was sent from Germany during the last days of the Weimar Republic (which ended with the advent of the Enabling Act of 23rd March 1933) and was returned to sender at the beginning of the 3rd Reich. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

15th January 1933 News in Brief - Unemployment ← Previous Next → Official unemployment figures released The officially registered unemployed in Germany on January 15th, 1933, amounted to 5,966,000 persons. At the same time that this figure was given out by the government, it was added that for the first time the curves of unemployment for 1932 and for 1933 had come together. This was officially interpreted to mean that unemployment had ceased to increase. It had been previously shown by the Institut für Konjunkturforschung, however, that the actual number of unemployed was some one and a half million to two million more than that number of registered unemployed. Since the number of the unregistered unemployed had substantially increased during the year 1932 it was somewhat optimistic to conclude definitely that unemployment had ceased to increased, as the National Socialist Angriff did not fail to point out in its issue of January twenty-fifth. It is interesting to note, however, that just as soon as a National Socialist régime was in power, the National Socialist Press began the same optimistic interpretation of unemployment statistics. Source: Hoover, 1933, p.13 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

1st September 1933 Haus Wachenfeld Haus Wachenfeld, Berchtesgaden-Obersalzberg, des Volkskanzler Adolf Hitler's Landhaus Königssee, 6pf, Hindenburg Also see 10.07.1933 (another view of he house) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page