8th July 1935 Reichstag Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Postcard depicting 'Adolf Hitlerstraße' in Lörrach (postcard difficult to scan). Ref: 21.05.1933 (Note: Date on postcard cannot be read. On 21st May 1933 this street in Lörrach (Reichsstraße?) was renamed 'Adolf Hitlerstraße. The 15pf Hindenburg Medallion post-dates the re-naming (Mi.488, Aug. 1933; Mi.520, Apr.1934). 21st May 1933 Lörrach Postcard depicting 'Adolf Hitlerstraße' in Lörrach (postcard difficult to scan). Ref: 21.05.1933 (Note: Date on postcard cannot be read. On 21st May 1933 this street in Lörrach (Reichsstraße?) was renamed 'Adolf Hitlerstraße. The 15pf Hindenburg Medallion post-dates the re-naming (Mi.488, Aug. 1933; Mi.520, Apr.1934). Lörrach Lörrach is a city in southwest Germany, in the valley of the Wiese, close to the French and the Swiss borders. It is the district seat of the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg. It is the home of a number of large employers, including the Milka chocolate factory owned by Mondelez International. The city population has grown over the last century, with only 10,794 in 1905, it has now increased its population to 49,382. Admission ticket for the 'Tag der Briefmarke' show as organised by the K.d.F. in Lörrach. Ref: 11.01.1942 - 33/45 1945: Air raid on Brombach and Lörrach: On 24th April, French troops occupied the city. Source: Wikipedia One October morning in 1940, Nazi authorities in the small German town of Lörrach notified Jewish inhabitants that they had two hours to pack. The town’s Jewish residents were then deported to the Gurs internment camp in France. This photograph (see website below) shows Nazi officials carrying out the deportations. Children peek from behind the line of deportees. Onlookers watch from a balcony above. Most of the 65 Jewish people deported from Lörrach that day were later transported to Auschwitz, a killing center in occupied Poland. Few survived. After the deportations in Lörrach, ads appeared in local newspapers promoting an auction of deportees’ property. Residents showed up to buy the belongings of their former neighbors. In auctions across Germany, auctioneers, Nazi authorities, and the German state collected large sums from the sale of Jewish people’s possessions. The people watching these auctions could not have known that most of those deportees would later be murdered. However, the auction signaled that they would not return to the town. Many reading the newspaper in Lörrach on 22nd November 1940, would likely have seen this announcement for an auction of goods at 29 School Street. The apartment had belonged to two Jewish German women, Fanny Grunkin and her daughter, Marie. German officials had already deported the two Jewish women to a detention camp in France. A neighbour later recalled: 'The Grunkin family had a beautiful apartment on School Street; the apartment was very well furnished. Nicest of all was Marie’s sewing machine.' With the help of French authorities, German officials sent Marie to the Auschwitz killing center about two years later. She did not return. Fanny survived. The advertisement read: Movables – Auction By order I will auction the following items in Lörrach on Saturday, November 23, 1940, at 10 AM in the house at 29 School Street:1 bedroom suite consisting of 2 complete beds (steel), 1 wardrobe with double doors, 1 nightstand, 1 washstand, 1 table, chairs, 1 console, 1 two-door cupboard, 1 rolltop desk, 1 small table, 1 large table, 1 rattan chair, 1 rattan table, 1 couch, a dressmaker’s sewing machine, 1 dress form, mirror, fire screen, ironing board, 1 shoe rack, 1 dresser, 1 clothing rack, 1 kitchen buffet, 1 kitchen table, 2 stools, 1 gas range, 1 heating pad, 1 table clock, bedside lamps, 1 boucle rug, household and kitchen appliances, and ceiling light fixtures. Officially appointed and sworn auctioneer: W. Pfister Lörrach. 22 Palm Street. Telephone number: 2884 Source: https://exhibitions.ushmm.org/ Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

26th December 1934 Title Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

15th May 1934 Reichsbahn Gesellschaft Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Cover featuring a block of four 'Ostropa' stamps (Mi.576-579) as taken from Mi. Block 3. Also featuring two commemorative cancellations including two 'schiffspost' (dated 30.06.1935). Ref: 29.06.1935 - 9/20 29th June 1935 Ostropa Cover featuring a block of four 'Ostropa' stamps (Mi.576-579) as taken from Mi. Block 3. Also featuring two commemorative cancellations including two 'schiffspost' (dated 30.06.1935). Ref: 29.06.1935 - 9/20 further information on these stamps can be found here During the OSTROPA exhibition attendees were given the opportunity to sail on a one-day excursion.Two special cancellations were made for mail posted during these trips. Cranz-Rossitten: 27th June 1935. A one-day service between the baltic coastal towns of Cranz and Rossitten. Grosses Moosbruch: 30th June 1935. A one-day service for OSTROPA visitors. Unsure of destination. Possibly the same as above. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Stamps first issued on 26th August 1934 to celebrate the Saar Plebiscite on 13th January 1935. Note: The stamps were first available on the occasion of the Fidelity to the Saar demonstrations on Ehrenbreitstein in Coblenz and in Cologne (on 26th August) and then at remaining post offices on 28th August. 26th August 1934 Mi.544-545 Stamps first issued on 26th August 1934 to celebrate the Saar Plebiscite on 13th January 1935. Note: The stamps were first available on the occasion of the Fidelity to the Saar demonstrations on Ehrenbreitstein in Coblenz and in Cologne (on 26th August) and then at remaining post offices on 28th August. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Postcard depicting Gitta Alpár (1903-1991) Hungarian Opera Singer and Actress. Imprint Iris 6616. Featuring Bochmann: Leipzig76/472Ref: 07.03.1933. 7th March 1933 Gitta Alpar Postcard depicting Gitta Alpár (1903-1991) Hungarian Opera Singer and Actress. Imprint Iris 6616. Featuring Bochmann: Leipzig76/472Ref: 07.03.1933. ALPÁR, Gitta (1903-1991). In 1931 Alpár married the German actor Gustav Fröhlich. It was in Germany that Alpár made her first motion picture films. However, she was to appear on Hitler's 'hit list', alongside other non-conformist celebrities, in the book Juden sehen Dich (Jews Are Looking at You) by Johann von Leers. Alpár departed Germany in 1933, with her married to Fröhlich being dissolved in 1935 (it was illegal for an aryan German to be married to a Jew). Alpár's career continued and she successfully settled in the United States. Ref:07.03.1933 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Postcard depicting a group of young boys upon a jetty. They asppear to be members of the Deutsches Jungvolk (aged between 10 - 13) in both summer and winter uniforms. Ref: 26.02.1935 26th February 1935 Deutsches Jungvolk Postcard depicting a group of young boys upon a jetty. They asppear to be members of the Deutsches Jungvolk (aged between 10 - 13) in both summer and winter uniforms. Ref: 26.02.1935 Deutsches Jungvolk The Deutsches Jungvolk in der Hitlerjugend ; DJ, also DJV; German for "'German Youngsters in the Hitler Youth' or "German Young People', was the separate section for boys aged 10 to 13 of the Hitler Youth organisation in Nazi Germany. Through a programme of outdoor activities, parades and sports, it aimed to indoctrinate its young members in the tenets of Nazi ideology. Membership became fully compulsory for eligible boys in 1939. By the end of World War II, some had become child soldiers. After the end of the war in 1945, both the Deutsches Jungvolk and its parent organization, the Hitler Youth, ceased to exist. The Deutsches Jungvolk was founded in 1928 by Kurt Gruber under the title Jungmannschaften ('Youth Teams'), but it was renamed Knabenschaft in December 1928 and became the Deutsches Jungvolk in der Hitlerjugend in March 1931. Both the Deutsches Jungvolk (DJ or DJV) and Hitler Youth (HJ) modelled parts of their uniforms and programmes on those of the German Scouting associations and of other youth groups,[3] which were banned by the Nazi government during 1933 and 1934.[4] Following the enactment of the Law on the Hitler Youth on 1 December 1936,[5] boys had to be registered with the Reich Youth Office in the March of the year in which they would reach the age of ten; those who were found to be racially acceptable were expected to join the DJ. Although not compulsory, the failure of eligible boys to join the DJ was seen as a failure of civic responsibility on the part of their parents.[2] The regulations were tightened further on 25 March 1939 by the Second Execution Order to the Law on the Hitler Youth ("Youth Service Regulation"), which made membership of the DJ or Hitler Youth mandatory for all Germans between 10 and 18 years of age. Parents could be fined or imprisoned for failing to register their children. Boys were excluded if they had previously been found guilty of "dishonourable acts", if they were found to be "unfit for service" for medical reasons, or if they were Jewish. Ethnic Poles or Danes living in the Reich (this was before the outbreak of World War II) could apply for exemption, but were not excluded.[6] In spite of its recruits' early age, the Jungvolk had an intensely political role. In 1938, the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler described enrollment from childhood in organisations associated with his party as an important part of indoctrinating young Germans with the regime's worldview: These boys and girls enter our organizations with their ten years of age, and often for the first time get a little fresh air; after four years of the Young Folk they go on to the Hitler Youth, where we have them for another four years … And even if they are still not complete National Socialists, they go to Labor Service and are smoothed out there for another six, seven months … And whatever class consciousness or social status might still be left … the Wehrmacht will take care of that.[7] The DJ and HJ copied many of the activities of the various German youth organizations that they replaced. For many boys, the DJ was the only way to participate in sports, camping, and hiking.[8] However, the main purpose of the DJ was the inculcation of boys in the political principles of National Socialism. Members were obliged to attend Nazi Party rallies and parades. On a weekly basis, there was the Heimabende , a Wednesday evening meeting for political, racial, and ideological indoctrination. Boys were encouraged to inform the authorities if their parents' beliefs were contrary to Nazi dogma.[9] Once Germany was at war, basic pre-military preparation increased; by the end of 1940, DJ members were required to be trained in target shooting with small-bore rifles and to take part in "terrain manoeuvres".[10] Recruits were called Pimpfe , a colloquial word from Upper German for "boy", "little rascal", "scamp", or "rapscallion" (originally "little fart").[11][12] Groups of 10 boys were called a Jungenschaft , with leaders chosen from the older boys; four of these formed a unit called a Jungzug . These units were further grouped into companies and battalions, each with their own leaders, who were usually young adults.[2] Der Pimpf , the Nazi magazine for boys, was particularly aimed at those in the Deutsches Jungvolk , with adventure and propaganda.[13] Recruits were required to swear a version of the Hitler oath: "In the presence of this blood banner which represents our Führer, I swear to devote all my energies and my strength to the savior of our country, Adolf Hitler. I am willing and ready to give up my life for him, so help me God."[14] The DJ uniform was very similar to the Hitler Youth equivalent. The summer uniform consisted of a black shorts and tan shirt with pockets, worn with a rolled black neckerchief secured with a woggle, usually tucked under the collar.[15] Headgear originally consisted of a beret, but when this was discarded by the HY in 1934, the DJ adopted a side cap with coloured piping which denoted their unit.[16] The emblem of the DJ was a white Sieg rune on a black background, which symbolised "victory".[17] This was worn on the uniform in the form of a cloth badge, sewn onto the upper-left sleeve of the shirt.[18] In addition to their pre-military training, the DJ contributed to the German war effort by collecting recyclable materials such as paper and scrap metal, and by acting as messengers for the civil defence organisations. By 1944, the Hitler Youth formed part of the Volkssturm , an unpaid, part-time militia, and often formed special HJ companies within Volkssturm battalions. In theory, service in the Volkssturm was limited to boys over 16 years of age, however much younger boys, including Jungvolk members, often volunteered or were coerced into serving in these units; even joining the "Tank Close-Combat Squads", which were expected to attack enemy tanks with hand-held weapons.[19] Eyewitness reports of the Battle of Berlin in April 1945 record instances of young boys fighting in their DJ uniforms, complete with short trousers.[20] Adolf Hitler's last public appearance was on 20 April 1945, when he presented Iron Crosses to defenders of Berlin, including several boys, some as young as twelve years old.[21] With the surrender of Nazi Germany in 1945, the organization de facto ceased to exist. On 10 October 1945, it was outlawed. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

13th May 1935 MS St.Louis Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

31st August 1935 Junkers Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

27th July 1935 Title Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Advertising postcard depicting an electrical component manufactured by AEG. Imprint 'Kf 1/V 1036. 2.31'. Ref: 28.10.1933 28th October 1933 AEG Aktiengesellschaften Advertising postcard depicting an electrical component manufactured by AEG. Imprint 'Kf 1/V 1036. 2.31'. Ref: 28.10.1933 AEG Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (General Electricity Company) Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AG was a German producer of electrical equipment. It was founded in 1883 by Emil Rathenau as the Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität in Berlin. AEG donated 60,000 Reichsmarks to the Nazi party after the Secret Meeting of 20th February 1933 at which the twin goals of complete power and national rearmament were explained by Hitler. They joined with other large companies such as IG Farben, Thyssen and Krupp in their support of the Nazis, especially in promoting re-armament of the Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe, and Kriegsmarine During the war itself, they were to use large numbers of forced labourers as well as concentration camp prisoners, under inhuman conditions of work. AEG worked extensively with the Nazi party in Poland. AEG was forced to relinquish Kabelwerk Krakow, a cable manufacturing plant, to the Nazi party. Kabelwerk Krakow was located in Krakow-Plaszow and used forced Jewish labour manufacturing cables from 1942 to 1944. In 1943, AEG began to relocate goods and evacuate workers. Goods were relocated to various places, including Berlin and Sudetenland. When installing electric and lighting systems for the Waffen-SS training grounds in Dębica, AEG used forced labor from Jews placed in the Pustkow labor camp located in south east Poland. During World War II, an AEG factory near Riga used female slave labour. AEG was also contracted for the production of electrical equipment at Auschwitz concentration camp. AEG used slave labour from Camp No. 36 at the new sub-camp of Auschwitz III and also known as Monowitz, called 'Arbeitslager Blechhammer'. Most of them would die in 1945 during the death marches and finally in Buchenwald. AEG was a major supplier of grips for P38 pistols manufactured by Walther Arms, Mauser, as well as on the early wartime Spreewerk P38s. In an effort to express regret for its use of Jewish slave labour in World War II, AEG joined with Rheinmetall, Siemens, Krupp, and I G Farben to pay DEM 75 million in reparations to the Jewish Claims Conference. In 1945, after the Second World War, the production in the factories in the western sectors of Berlin - what today is the building of the headquarters of DW (TV) Deutsche Welle - and Nuremberg, Stuttgart and Mulheim an der Ruhr resumed and further new works were erected, among others an Electric meter plant in Hameln. Post-war usage of an AEG window envelope (imprint 'DB 5069 5.43). Cancellation JB:Giessen15/315. Ref: 09.06.1948 1948: The AEG factories Kassel (FK) were founded on the site of the former MWK Motorenbau Werk Kassel at Lilienthalstrasse 150 in Kassel/Hesse/Germany. The first factory part was the high voltage switchgear factory (HSF), later the refrigerator factory (KSF), the ticketprinter factory (FDF), the isolating material factory (IF) as well as the worldwide accepted high voltage institute (HI) were founded. In the early sixties more than 5000 people worked for AEG in Kassel. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page