5th January 1934 1/1 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

23rd September 1942 1/1 Feldpost cover sent from Memmingen to correspondent in Weilheim. Featuring an unusual briefstempel - difficult to read. Ref: 23.09.1942 Detail of the briefstempel...

28th May 1942 Ostfriesische Tageszeitung 1/1 Commercial cover sent from the 'Ostfriesische Tageszeitung'. Ref: 28.05.1942 Ostfriesische Tageszeitung (East Frisian daily newspaper) During the National Socialist era, the Ostfriesische Tageszeitung (OTZ) was the official organ of the NSDAP and all authorities of East Frisia in the Gau Weser-Ems. The founder, first editor and publisher of the Ostfriesische Tageszeitung was the farmer Jacques Groeneveld from Bunderhee, who later took on a number of party offices. The first edition of the Nazi propaganda organ appeared on 1st October 1932, the last shortly before the end of the war in 1945. The editor-in-chief from 1938 until the end of the war was Johann Menso Folkerts. The newspaper was the 'official organ of the NSDAP and the authorities' and was published in Aurich with a circulation of 11,400 copies. The newspaper was initially printed in Aurich by the Dunkmann publishing house, which in turn competed with the OTZ as publisher of the Ostfriesische Nachrichten . From 1934 the newspaper was printed in Emden. However, the editorial offices were still located on Aurich's Norderstraße. During the Nazi era, the newspaper was the most important propaganda organ on the East Frisian peninsula and played a key role in the exclusion of Jews and other groups not approved by the party. For example, with the appeal 'Comrades, do not buy from the following Jewish shops' the newspaper listed all the Jewish shops that still exist in the towns of East Frisia. In 1937 Heinrich Drees published an article in the OTZ in which he attempted to provide historical reasons for the persecution of Sinti and Jews and wrote that 'vagabond Jews are making the province of Hanover and East Frisia unsafe' . For the period from 1765 to 1803 he listed various gangs of thieves who passed through East Frisia and always assumed that their members were 'Jews and gypsies'. It continued: 'In the East Frisian towns, especially in Aurich, there were constant Vagebunden hunts, which were also popularly called 'Kloppjagden'. During these Kloppjagden, a lot of stolen goods were confiscated and many Jews were chased across the border.' Towards the end of the war, the OTZ published slogans of perseverance aimed primarily at the population of Emden, which had been hit by heavy bombing. On 7th September 1944, the day after the heaviest bombing, in which more than 80% of the city was destroyed, the newspaper wrote : 'Despite the severity of the attack, which can be described as the worst disaster in the thousand-year-old city, the attitude of the population must simply be seen as exemplary. The relief teams immediately went into action and, not least, it was the neighbouring towns that stepped in to help. The consequences of an attack that was as senseless as it was brutal were incredibly severe. Nevertheless, the people of Emden did not allow themselves to be discouraged, persevered in work and confidence, and thus set a shining example of the courage to make sacrifices in the fight for Greater Germany's future.' Shortly before the end of the war, the newspaper ceased publication. In cooperation with the Oldenburg State Library, the Ostfriesische Landschaft wants to completely digitise the Ostfriesische Tageszeitung (OTZ) issues from 1933 to 1945 and make them available online. The first years can already be viewed. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

8th October 1937 8th October 1937 1/3 8th October 1937 Sarvar to 27 Queen Square, Bath Dear Madeleine! Why don’t you write? I was waiting for a letter from you since I was here. But I remember I have not thanked you for your nice card of the World Exhibition. I hope you enjoy your stay at Paris as much as the rest of your journey. And now you are safely back in Bath and school has started for you. Isn’t it your last term? I have stopped learning two years ago and now I have already forgotten everything I ever knew. One could kill me but I don’t know when Edward the Confessor lived. The only date I can remember is the coronation of Charlemagne. Rasso has got a governess, but we three girls don’t do anything than sit in our drawing room and write letters. We do write letters, and if you want it, we would write to you every week or fortnight. But we expect you to answer just as often. Muck is busy collecting stamps and playing the accordion and Baby is playing the piano, and I don’t see any possibility of running away. And now we read every one of Deidi’s books before they are sent to her. She has got about 20 Pimpernel books and my head is quite dizzy with them, but they are amusing and I read Jayne Eyre too and I liked it very much. I hope you got Baby’s postcard of Tristran. I am sorry we can’t go to the opera now but we go to see the pictures every week. We saw “A Tale of Two Cities” it is marvellous. And something about Chinese gold with Gary Cooper. It was exciting and he knocked out the whole lot of his enemies. Next week we are going to see “Anthony Adverse”. Here one sees rather a lot of American and English films and many Germans too. The few Hungarians are awfully bad and not worthwhile seeing. We have many guests and enjoy our stay here. I go riding for 2 hours every morning. And we play tennis and Ping-Pong. We have got an Irish girl staying with us till November. She is called Mary D’Arcy. And she stayed five years at the Convent of the Sacred Heart at Roehampton near London. So we are practicing our English. Deidi is coming to see us in November. Now she is living at Mandelieu and finishing her little villa. She has got five rooms and a lovely big garden and is very happy. Much love Loll Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

25th June 1942 Feldpost 'c' designation 25.06.1942 'c' designation reverse.jpeg 25.06.1942 'c' designation reverse.jpeg 1/1 Registered feldpost cover with cancellation designation 'c' (lower position). Ref: 25.06.1942 'FELDPOST ' designation letters: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o , a1etc. , Aa etc. , Misc. Feldpost designation letter 'c' variations Smaller font. Lower position. Ref: 13.08.1941 Level position. Ref: 09.12.1943 Closer terminals. Lower position. Ref: 09.09.1939 Shortened terminals. Level position. Ref: 16.06.1943 - 2/57 Shortened terminals. Level position. Violet. Ref: 04.06.1943 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

6th April 1934 1/1 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

6th October 1940 Italy: Fascist Agricultural 1/0 See 06.10.1940 - 30/68 'Confederazione Fascista Lavoratori Agricoltura Unione di Modena' Fascist Confederation of Agricultural Workers of Modena The relationship between the Fascist movement and those who controlled the agrarian economy, the so-called agrarian class, played an important role in the rise of Fascism. During the tensions of the Bienno Rosso, by the end of 1920, landowners in northern and central Italy wanted to eliminate the influence of peasant leagues, rural cooperatives, and widespread socialist control over local governments. In 1921 and 1922, they feared that the socialist left and the nascent Communist Party might rebound if the pressure were eased. The Fascists received financial and logistical support from landowners and military authorities to conduct punitive expeditions against the Socialists, while promising the agrarian and industrial elites not to alter the status quo of the agricultural sector, but only the distribution of political power. The Fascist movement had two main objectives in the Italian countryside: to attract sharecroppers and colonists eager to obtain land individually, and to destroy the power of trade union organizations such as the chambers of labor and the Federterra. By the end of 1921, the Fascists had conducted numerous violent actions, including invasions, looting, burning, and forced dissolutions of cooperatives and consumer organizations. Many Socialist leaders were attacked or killed by Fascist squads. Rural fascism was highly organised and uncompromising, but it managed to prevail thanks to the complicity of some local government bodies and the police. Furthermore, the maximalist socialists, despite their revolutionary declarations, were unable to effectively oppose the fascists, nor did they consider the opportunity to seek the support of sharecroppers, tenant farmers and small farmers in central and northern Italy, who instead often supported the fascist movement or distanced themselves from Catholic associations. With the rise of fascism to power, fascist agricultural policies mainly benefited large landowners and agri-food companies in Northern Italy, eliminating the threat of socialist peasant leagues. After the consolidation of the regime, the relationship with the agrarian world remained crucial. Fascist peasant trade unions were weak compared to agrarian associations. Rural fascism also found support among small landowners and tenant farmers who resented socialist influence, while in the provinces with strong socialist organizations (especially in the North) fascist repression was particularly vigorous. In 1923 the government repealed the laws that in 1919 had introduced the first social security measures for agricultural workers. Source: Wikipedia (2026) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

4th August 1942 Feldpost 'f' designation 04.08.1942 'f' designation reverse.jpeg 04.08.1942 'f' designation reverse.jpeg 1/1 Feldpost letter-sheet (imprint 'K/0062'), with a clear large 'f' designation on the cancel (level position). Ref: 04.08.1942 'FELDPOST ' designation letters: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o , a1etc. , Aa etc. , Misc. Feldpost designation letter 'f' variations Small typeface. Level position. Ref: 01.12.1944 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

German Occupation Issue Private issue stamps 1939-1945 German Occupation Issue Private issue stamps 1939-1945 1/1 German Occupation Private Issues 1939-1945 BELGIUM/FLEMISH LEGION Mi.I-IV Symbolic representations (23.12.1941) Mi.V-VIII Symbolic representations + airplane (1943) Mi.IX-XIV Portraits of Emperors (09.08.1943) Mi.XV-XIX SS - Soldiers and airplanes (n.d.) Not released - available in perf/imperf, singles & sheets Mi.XX SS - Soldiers and airplanes with 'LANGEMARK' o/p (n.d.) Not released - available in perf/imperf, singles & sheets Mi.XXI-XXIV 'Ghent Edition' - Exhibition handouts (1942) Belgium/ Walloon Legion Mi.I-IV Legionnaires (10.04.1942) BRAČ (BRAC ISLAND) Mi.1-6 Overprinted Yugoslavian stamps (1944) DENMARK/DANISH LEGION Mi.I-III 'FELTPOST' (1944) FRANCE Mi.I Block edition: Volunteer Legion (24.101.1941) Mi.II-III Airmail vignettes (11.1941) Mi.IV-V Airmail vignettes (1942) Mi.VI-X Assorted depictions of war with Legion's symbol (20.04.1942) St.Nazaire Mi.3 Fee label for registered letters (02.1945) NATIONAL INDIA Mi.I-VII 'AZAD HIND' (1943) Mi.VIII-X 'AZAD HIND' - Andaman Islands and Niobrara (1943) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

19th June 1942 'The Soviet Paradise', Berlin 1/1 Commemorative postcard for 'The Soviet Paradise' Exhibition held at the Lustgarten in Berlin from 9th May - 21st June 1942. The imprint on the reverse reads 'Bolschewistisches Einheitsdenkmal aus dem 'Paradies der Arbeiter und Bauern' (Bolshevik unity monument from the 'paradise of workers and peasants'). Featuring postage stamp Mi.813 tied with a commemorative cancel for the exhibition (note there is more than one variation of this cancel. See Bochmann cancellations - Berlin). Ref: 19.06.1942 'THE SOVIET PARADISE' Lustgarten, Berlin Note that 'The Soviet Paradise' also exhibited in Vienna (1941) and Essen (1942) The Bender catalogue displays five postcards in this 'Berlin' series but indicates that six were most likely produced. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Stamps first issued on 25th July 1935 to celebrate the World meeting of the Hitler Youth. Mi.584-585 (25.07.1935) World meeting of Hitler Youth 1/0 Stamps first issued on 25th July 1935 to celebrate the World meeting of the Hitler Youth. Mi.584 (Ref: 31.08.1935) Mi.585 (Ref: 13.10.1935) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

8th May 1933 1/1 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page