8th June 1936 1/1 Detail of the special 'Spreewald' cancellation. Stamp issued as part of a 10 issue set on 4th October 1935. Mi.592 Regional Costumes - from Kurmark in the Spree Forest Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Postage stamp Mi.49A (Poste Italiane - Libia) on a commemorative postcard for the 25th Assietta Artillery Regiment. Sent from Derna in Libya to an address in Asti, Italy. Ref: 02.03.1936 Stamps of Italy 1/0 Postage stamp Mi.49A (Poste Italiane - Libia) on a commemorative postcard for the 25th Assietta Artillery Regiment. Sent from Derna in Libya to an address in Asti, Italy. Ref: 02.03.1936 Italy - Stamps within the Brief History collection Mi.305 (first issued 1929). Ref: 31.07.1943 Italiane-Libia Mi.49A Poste Italiane - Libia (first issued 1924). Ref: 02.03.1936 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Postal stationery from Reinhart Henning, stamp dealer in Breslau. Featuring the printed images of K18 (tête-bêche from MHB 28) as issued in 1933. Ref: 23.11.1936 - 18/12 23rd November 1936 Reinhart Henning 1/1 Postal stationery from Reinhart Henning, stamp dealer in Breslau. Featuring the printed images of K18 (tête-bêche from MHB 28) as issued in 1933. Ref: 23.11.1936 - 18/12 Reinhart Henning Detail of Reinhart Henning cover. Note that the 'stamps' have been cancelled! Further research required See: Klaus Simon: Philatelie in Breslau 1876-1945., Klaus Simon, Arnstadt, Germany, 2013. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

27th May 1938 1/0 27th March 1938 Sarvar to 27 Queen Square, Bath Dear Madeleine, Many thanks for your letter with the good wishes. I hope you have got the parcel we sent you. We have been so sorry to have written so late. I am awfully proud of being eighteen now! It would be very nice if you could meet Muck in London. I hope it will go. Please excuse my only writing a card. I have to answer still a lot, and I don’t think I will. Loll and I have been very busy cutting bushes in the garden. Today Mammi left for Cannes, to see Deidi. We haven’t seen any good films here. In Munich I saw “Broadway Melody 1938” and I liked it quite. Yours with love Baby Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

1st June 1947 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th

Envelope sent from the firm Carl Schenck of Germany to Buenos Aires in Argentina. Ref: 31.07.1936 31st July 1936 1/1 Envelope sent from the firm Carl Schenck of Germany to Buenos Aires in Argentina. Ref: 31.07.1936 Argentina and its relationship with Axis and Allied powers, 1939-1945 Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State (RG 84) Argentina When war broke out in Europe in 1939, there was a very large German population in Argentina. Some 60,000 of them belonged to the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, an organization of Germans living abroad. This organization controlled shipping lines, a special news service, and other entities in Argentina. Germans also had a great economic influence in Argentina, controlling a considerable part of the nation's industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, and electrical goods production, and having a large part of the military and civilian construction. German financial activities in Argentina centered around two large banks, Banco Aleman Transatlantico and Banco Germanico de la America del Sud. They were also involved in holding companies, organized in 1939 by Johann Wehrli & Company of Zurich, Switzerland. These companies maintained secret numbered accounts that were owned by Germans. The Germans also had insurance firms in Argentina, as well as being deeply involved in metallurgy, arms, and munitions. Thus, it is not surprising that Argentina pursued a neutral policy after the United States entered the war in December 1941. It failed to induce Chile, Paraguay, and Peru, to form a neutral bloc. But it did continue to defy United States pressure to align itself with the Allies and ignored Allied recommendations and declarations to end all financial interaction, direct or indirect, with Nazi Germany. The Allies became particularly concerned about the operation within Argentina of subsidiaries of Germany's leading firms, including I.G. Farben, Staudt and Co., and Siemens Schucket. These firms maintained links with Germany throughout the war and supported major Nazi espionage operations in Latin America. The Allied wartime blockade made it impossible for Argentina to provide substantial amounts of exports to Germany, which up until then had been one of its principal trading partners. But Buenos Aires, however, was one of the principal Latin American ports from which goods valuable even in small quantities, such as platinum, palladium, drugs, and other chemicals, were smuggled to the Axis. Argentina, it should be noted, despite it economic and financial dealings with Nazi Germany, also had close economic ties to the Allies. Argentine exports to the United States and Great Britain (which depended on Argentine beef to help feed its population) rose dramatically during the war, essentially doubling their prewar volume. A military coup d'etat in June 1943 and the uncovering of a Nazi espionage network, led Argentina to sever diplomatic relations with Germany and Japan on January 26, 1944. However, Colonel Juan Peron led a palace revolt and a new president, General Edelmiro Farrell, was installed. This regime gave open support to Axis-controlled firms and tolerated the dissemination of Axis propaganda. Believing the new Argentine government was pro-Axis, the United States refused to recognize the Farrell government and recalled its ambassador in July 1944. The next month the United States began an economic pressure campaign through the blocking of Argentine gold deposits in the United States. The Argentine Government responded, in part, by granting German construction companies very lucrative contracts between June and September 1944. Nevertheless, economic sanctions and diplomatic pressures resulted in the Argentine Government in October 1944, establishing an administrative council to control Axis firms. In November Axis bank and insurance companies were brought under Government supervision. In March 1945, the Argentine Government announced that intervened Axis construction and industrial establishments and banks would be liquidated and the proceeds blocked in the Argentine Central bank. Eventually, the United States took a more conciliatory line towards Argentina and as a result of the Mexico City Conference (February-March 1945) and the steps it took regarding Axis assets. The Argentine Government issued a decree in March 1945 stipulating that Axis-controlled firms would be placed under goverment control and possession, but delayed taking action for so long that the managers of these firms had ample time to distribute or dissipate their assets. Argentina formally declared war on the Axis powers on March 27, 1945 and the United States recognized the new Argentine government on April 9, 1945. Following the end of the war, the State Department prepared a compendium of information on Argentina's support for the Axis cause, the Argentine "Blue Book," for use in consulting with the American Republics concerning the position that should be taken with regard to the military regime in Buenos Aires. (Note 57) The "Blue Book," published in February 1946, charged that where the German Government preferred to transfer from Europe, it found no serious obstacle in any Argentine exchange control regulations, and that the availability of these funds made possible the subversive activities in which German organizations were known to have engaged. These activities included intervention in Argentine elections, press and propaganda subsidization, and purchase for shipment of strategic materials for the German war machine. The "Blue Book" also sought to demonstrate the continuing potential for Argentina to become a base for a resurgent Nazism. By the end of 1946, however, American relations with Argentina began to improve and the onset of the Cold War renewed American desire for hemispheric alignment, contributing to the improvement in U.S.-Argentine relations. The Act of Chapultepec of 1945 recognized the right of each of the Republics of the Western Hemisphere, including the United States, to dispose of Germany property within its own respective jurisdiction and retain the proceeds. Since the Farrell regime adopted the Chapultepec agreement when it finally declared war on the Axis at the end of March 1945, the Allies could not lawfully law claim to an estimated $200 million in German assets in Argentina. Thus, the United States undertook no negotiations with the Argentine government regarding the identification and disposition of German external assets. The policy of the United States was to establish more friendly relations with Argentina following the criticisms contained in the State Department "Blue Book" on Argentina in early 1946. Argentina had resisted wartime Allied entreaties to freeze German assets and, by the end of 1947, American officials concluded that German assets were not identifiable by the Argentine government and no looted gold had reach Argentina. After the war Argentina became a refuge for escaping Nazis, such as Adolf Eichmann, and those that had collaborated with them, such as Ante Pavelic. (Note 58) It should be noted that Argentina also received some 25,000 to 45,000 Jewish refugees between 1933 and 1945. These number were higher than any other country in the Western Hemisphere, including the United States. Records of the U.S. Embassy, Buenos Aires, Argentina General Records 1936-1952 (Entry 2023) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

ABP Bordeaux - Various 1/0

27th October 1943 27th October 1943 1/0 Feldpost cover sent from Frankfurt a.M. to Hirschau. Featuring an instructive cancellation (JB:400/841). Ref: 27.10.1943 Bochmann JB:400/841 'Nach Fliegerangriffen/ Privatgespräche/ am Fernsprecher/ unterlassen!' After air raids/ refrain from private conversations/ on the telephone! Used in 53 towns and cities in 1943, 44 & 45

29th March 1940 JB: Hamm 1/0 See 31.03.1940 - 23/66 (JB:Hamm1/363) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

28th July 1940 Krieger Ehrenmal, Bad Pyrmont 1/0 See 28.07.1940 - 23/101 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

30th November 1939 30th November 1939 30.11.1939 Feldpost Letter.jpeg 30.11.1939 Feldpost M34714 reverse.jpeg 30.11.1939 Feldpost Letter.jpeg 1/2 Feldpost letter-sheet sent from Hanns Hagl in Swinemünde (FPN M34714 5. Zerstorer-Division, dann 3. Zerstorer-Flottille) to an address in Kempten. Featuring a Type 19 variation date cancel. Ref: 30.11.1939 A loose translation of the typewritten message 'Today, after returning from a short sea voyage, you too should receive a greeting from me. After all our great successes, I feel like a million bucks, but I have to have some time to relax soon, since we've been doing our duty up here at the see since the beginning of the war with Poland and England and haven't had a moment's rest yet, while our grey comrades at the Westwall have been beating their fingers bloody playing skat for a long time. Well, no task is too difficult for us and we will spare no effort if only we can give our western mortal enemy a good beating. Hopefully I will be able to come to Kempten for a few days while my dear father is still there, and then we can sit down in a cosy corner one evening and talk about our experiences. At the moment I have a lot to do, because we have been joined by two fast destroyers, which are now being integrated into the new 'Fast Flotilla' and of course make most of the work for the flotilla adjutant. I am proud to be the only one of my year to be able to serve on such a splendid front line unit. In this respect, I have really become a mighty swine to my comrades, most of whom are now loafing around in a land formation. You poor warrior woman is now usually alone, too, or has your husband already been released for home service? Now I wish you all the best and look forward to seeing you again. Now I'm going out again for a few days, and so I'd like to send you many heartfelt greetings.' 'After all our great successes, I feel like a million bucks...' (extract from Wikipedia) On the night of 17th-18th October 1939, Z21 Wilhelm Heidkamp led Z16 Friedrich Eckoldt , Z17 Diether von Roeder , Z18 Hans Lüdemann , Z19 Hermann Künne , and Z20 Karl Galster as they laid a minefield off the mouth of the River Humber . The British were unaware of the minefield's existence and lost seven ships totaling 25,825 gross register tons (GRT). On the night of 12th-13th November Z21 Wilhelm Heidkamp , now the flagship of the Commander of Destroyers ( Führer der Zerstörer ), Captain ( Kapitän zur See ) Friedrich Bonte , escorted Z18 Hans Lüdemann , Z19 Hermann Künne , and Z20 Karl Galster as they laid 288 magnetic mines in the Thames Estuary . Once again unaware of the minefield's existence, the British lost the destroyer Blanche and thirteen merchant ships displacing 48,728 GRT. Note: Z17, Z18, Z19, and Z20 were all part of the 5. Zerstorer Division, 3. Zerstorer Flottille, in which Hanns Hagl served, possibly onboard one of the ships in these actions. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

1st September 1940 1/1