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Spanish Civil War. Commercial cover sent from Bilbao to Leipzig. Featuring a 'Censuro Militar' hand-stamp and propaganda cachet. ref: 13.04.1938 - 16/57 13th April 1938 SCW - Bilbao 13.04.1938 - 16_57 Bilbao reverse.jpeg 13.04.1938 - 16_57 Bilbao reverse.jpeg 1/1 Spanish Civil War. Commercial cover sent from Bilbao to Leipzig. Featuring a 'Censuro Militar' hand-stamp and propaganda cachet. ref: 13.04.1938 - 16/57 Bilbao Bilbao is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole. It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain. Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain, with a population of more than 347,000 as of 2023. The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants, making it the most populous metropolitan area in northern Spain; with a population of 875,552, the comarca of Greater Bilbao is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain. Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region. The Spanish Civil War in Bilbao started with a number of small uprisings suppressed by the Republican forces. On 31st August 1936, the city suffered its first bombing, with a series of air bombs dropped by Nationalist airplanes. In September, the Nationalists distributed pamphlets threatening further bombing if the city did not give up, which finally took place on 25th September when German planes, in coordination with Francoist forces, dropped at least a hundred bombs on the city. In May 1937, the Nationalist army besieged the town. The battle lasted until 19th June of that year, when Lieutenant Colonel Putz was ordered to destroy all bridges over the estuary, and the troops of the 5th Brigade took the borough from the mountains Malmasin, Pagasarri, and Arnotegi. With the war over, Bilbao returned to its industrial development, accompanied by steady population growth. In the 1940s, the city was rebuilt, starting with the bridges and by 1948, the first commercial flight took off from the local airport. Over the next decade, there was a revival of the iron industry, which became a strategic industrial sector in Spain, as a consequence of the economic model promoted by Francoism. The city received migrants from other Spanish regions looking to work in the iron industry. The demand for housing outstripped supply, and workers built slums on the hillsides. It was in this context that the first social movements arose and the strike of the Euskalduna shipyard in 1947 was the first one to take place during the Francoist dictatorship In this environment of social repression, on 31st July 1959 the separatist organisation ETA was created from Basque nationalist movements. During the 1960s the city was the scenario of several urban projects, with the creation of new neighbourhoods like Otxarkoaga and the motorway to the French border. In June 1968 the University of Bilbao, the first public university, was established. It would later be integrated into the University of the Basque Country. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

8th June 1941 'Wehrmachtsdienstsache' 8th June 1941 'Wehrmachtsdienstsache' 08.06.1941 Wehrmachtdeinstsache Brussels reverse.jpeg 08.06.1941 Wehrmachtdeinstsache Brussels reverse.jpeg 1/1 Feldpost cover (FPN 21631) sent to a requisitions department at the Palais du Midi, in Brussels. With the hand-stamp 'WEHRMACHTSDIENSTSACHE' at the head. Ref: 08.06.1941 - 1/57 More research needed in the address and the hand-stamp Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

11th January 1942 Ostland - Mi.P3/ 01-04 1/1 Official Ostland 'TAG DER BRIEFMARKE 1942' (Mi.P3 /01 - Afrikakorps). Featuring special cancellation JB:Dorpat1/221. Ref: 11.01.1942 DORPAT cancellation as featured in the Bochmann catalogues (1952) Note: This is the only special cancellation of the 3rd Reich period. JB:Dorpat1/221 - Tag der Briefmarke/ R d P/ 11.01.1942'. Ref: 11.01.1942 Mi.P3/01b - 'Afrikakorps'. Ref: 11.01.1942 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

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2nd November 1942 Heinkel He 112 02_11_1942 Heinkel 112 reverse.webp 02_11_1942 Heinkel 112 reverse.webp 1/1 Postcard sent via feldpost, the image depicting a Heinkel He 122E (D-IYWE). Ref: 02.11.1942 Heinkel He 112 The Heinkel He 112 is a German fighter aircraft designed by Walter and Siegfried Günter. It was one of four aircraft designed to compete for the 1933 fighter contract of the Luftwaffe , in which it came second behind the Messerschmitt Bf 109. Small numbers were used for a short time by the Luftwaffe and some were built for other countries, with around 100 being completed. Page from the booklet 'Spot them in the Air!', published by the British newspaper the 'Daily Mirror'. c.1940 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

16th November 1945 16th November 1945 1/1 Cover sent from Magdeburg to Ballenstedt (Harz), featuring stamp Mi.71. Ref: 16.11.45

19th March 1940 Wann sehen wir uns wieder? 1/0 See 19.03.1940 - 23/58 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.866 - 868 (11.02.1944) Mi.866 - 868 (11.02.1944) 25th anniversary of German airmail service, 12 + 8pf - Mi.867 25th anniversary of German airmail service, 42 + 108pf - Mi.868 25th anniversary of German airmail service, 12 + 8pf - Mi.867 1/2 25th anniversary of German airmail service. Main image: Mi.866, gallery images: Mi.867 and Mi.868. All Ref: 17.03.1944 next stamp issue Cover featuring the three '25th anniversary of German airmail service' stamps (Mi.688 - 868). Ref: 17.03.1944

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Postcard sent from Hamburg to Dr. Heinz Stiefelhagen (1887-1946, botanist, teacher) in Saarbrücken from the Society of Philatelic Friends of Literature. Stamp: Mi.410. Note: 'Eilige Drucksache' = Urgent Printed Matter. Ref: 02.04.1933 2nd April 1933 Philatelic Friends of Literature 1/1 Postcard sent from Hamburg to Dr. Heinz Stiefelhagen (1887-1946, botanist, teacher) in Saarbrücken from the Society of Philatelic Friends of Literature. Stamp: Mi.410. Note: 'Eilige Drucksache' = Urgent Printed Matter. Ref: 02.04.1933 The card announces newly admitted members (numbers 48 - 55) Jakob Sessler Werner Voss Austrian Philatelic Club 'Vindobona' (Note: 'Vindobona' was the name of a Roman camp in Vienna). A link to the 'Vindobona' Philatelic Club can be found here Viktor Pessiak (associated with 'Vindobona') Hermann Vielguth (associated with 'Vindobona') Anto Kumpf-Mikuli Link to an article on Kumpf-Mikuli Hermine Lorenz Josef Hirsch Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Cover featuring Mi.350 of Czechoslovakia with slogan post mark 'Der Führer in Haida 6. Okt. 1938'. Ref: 06.10.1938 - 9/29 6th October 1938 'Der Führer in Haida' 06.10.1938 Hitler in Haida reverse.jpeg 06.10.1938 Hitler in Haida reverse.jpeg 1/1 Cover featuring Mi.350 of Czechoslovakia with slogan post mark 'Der Führer in Haida 6. Okt. 1938'. Ref: 06.10.1938 - 9/29 MORE RESEARCH INTO HITLER & HAIDA REQUIRED The spirit of the Führer in Haida ( Nový Bor ) (from romea.cz, 20th November 2012) New facts are coming to light in the case of last year’s brawl in the 'Pivní pomoc' bar in the town of Nový Bor, which the Czech media refer to as the 'machete attack' case. Defense attorney Klára Samková has claimed the conflict was not the first between the two groups involved, and that assertion has been upheld. One of the defendants, Antonín Sinu, and one of the victims have faced off at least one time previously during a different mass brawl, when neo-Nazis were celebrating the birthday of Adolf Hitler in a restaurant in Nový Bor. Their involvement in that incident has been confirmed by Regional State Prosecutor Radim Kadlček. The 10-year-old case for the prosecution of that incident records that Sinu, who is 37 years old today, was armed with a machete during that attack but most probably did not harm anyone with it. 'It cannot be inferred from the description of the crime that [Sinu] attacked anyone with the machete then' , Kadlček pointed out. During the brawl between Romani people and skinheads in the restaurant 10 years ago, one man was lightly injured with a long blade weapon, receiving a laceration to the forehead. At least two men in the brawling group were armed with machetes and Sinu was one of them. 'That person [Antonín Sinu] really was prosecuted in connection with the brawl and with rioting. The behaviour of which he was suspected bore the traits of a violent felony. Nevertheless, the criminal prosecution of that particular defendant was halted' , Milan Vencl, spokesperson for the District Court in Česká Lípa, told news server iDNES.cz today. According to witnesses who testified about the incident 10 years ago, a group of Romani people ran into the 'Za kostelem' restaurant where the neo-Nazis were celebrating Adolf Hitler’s birthday, but the neo-Nazis pushed them out of the restaurant using chairs as weapons. Police officers called to the scene then resolved a verbal altercation on the street between 10 skinheads and 20 – 30 Romani people. That was where the machete was seen in the hand of defendant Sinu 10 years ago. One of the victims in last year’s 'Pivní pomoc' incident celebrated Adolf Hitler’s birthday and participated in the subsequent brawl 10 years ago. 'These guys definitely know one another very well. The entire Romani community knows the victims, because they are skinheads or promoters of that movement' , Samková said. Both incidents seem to be of the nature of a mutual settling of accounts between ethnic Czechs and ethnic Romani people in the town. 'Some of the participants in that brawl 10 years ago are now the victims of last year’s attack. They were celebrating Adolf Hitler’s birthday in a pub 10 years ago when a brawl took place. I have been repeatedly drawing attention to the fact that for at least 15 years, the municipal authorities, the police, and the state prosecutor have been neglecting the problem that local Romani people have long felt it was impossible the authorities would ever stand up for them here. The result is last year’s machete attack' , Samková told news server iDNES.cz. Samková wants the 10-year-old case to become part of the file for the current trial of last year’s incident, but the state prosecutor in charge of the case is of a different opinion. 'I don’t believe there is a connection between these incidents' , he has said. The ethnic Czechs involved in last year’s conflict at the 'Pivní pomoc' bar reject the claim that they are members of the neo-Nazi movement. Three people were injured during last year’s incident in the bar, including one man who almost lost his life. Four of the assailants face charges of attempted murder and rioting; if convicted, they could face between 15 and 20 years in prison or even extraordinary sentencing. The two minors involved face sentences half as long. A fifth assailant could go to prison for anywhere between five and 12 years if convicted of grievous bodily harm and rioting. Samková believes the charges of attempted murder are disproportionately high for most of the defendants. 'I am not making light of the serious injuries caused to one man, which were of such a nature as to put his life at risk. No one else suffered such radical injuries' , she said recently. 'If my clients had really wanted to murder those people, the testimony given to date makes it clear that nothing could have stopped them' , Samková said. According to the testimony of a psychologist, last year’s attack was not planned, but was committed in anger. Several anti-Romani demonstrations were held in North Bohemia last year, sparked by media reports of the conflict. Contact Brief History to inform us of additonal information regarding this page

10th June 1940 DJH donation stamps (065 - 072) 1/0 See 10.06.1940 - 23/90 (DJH068 - a) a = on white/cream coloured paper and printed in blue, b = on white/cream coloured paper and printed in brown, c = on white/cream coloured paper and printed in red-brown, d = on reddish coloured paper and printed in red, e = on green coloured paper and printed in blue. DJH065 a, b, c, d, e - Girls gathering in the wheat (Prophila40 - c) DJH066 a, b, c, d, e - Boys leading a horse (Prophila40 - a) DJH067 a, b, c, d, e - Two boys trekking (Prophila40 - d) DJH068 a, b, c, d, e - Boy with a model glider a = on cream coloured paper and printed in black-olive, b = on white coloured paper and printed in black-blue-green, c = on white coloured paper and printed in bluish-green, d = on cream coloured paper and printed in light yellow-brown, e = on light chrome-yellow coloured paper and printed in dark purple-brown, f = on greyish coloured paper and printed in dark grey. DJH069 a, b, c, d, e, f - Girl with two younger sisters (Prophila40 - d) DJH070 a, b, c, d, e, f - Boy with postal delivery DJH071 a, b, c, d, e, f - Boy skiing (Prophila40 - c) DJH072 a, b, c, d, e, f - Accordion girls Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page