14th December 1941 'Hein Godenwind' Postcard depicting the 'Hein Godenwind'. the address to the reverse indicates the recipient, a woman, was part of the K.H.D. (Kriegshilfsdienst). Ref: 14.12.1941 Hien Godenwind The Hein Godenwind was a full-length ship built in 1902 at the French shipyard Chantiers et Ateliers de Penhoët in Saint-Nazaire as Maréchal Souchet . The ship was used as the first floating youth hostel in the port of Hamburg from 1933 to 1939. In July 1924 the ship was sold to Germany to the F. Laeisz shipping company in Hamburg and continued to be used as a cargo sailing vessel as Pellworm . The Pellworm was decommissioned in May 1925 and sold to the Syndikat shipping company. After being converted into a residential ship with space for 1200 people, it was used in the port of Hamburg. At the beginning of the 1930s, the Hamburg Port Operations Association took over the ship, which donated it to the Nordmark Gau of the Reich Association of German Youth Hostels in 1933. After another renovation by Blohm & Voss, it was put into service as a floating youth hostel on 8th April 1934 under the name Hein Godenwind . It provided accommodation for 514 people. At the beginning of 1939 the ship was placed under the control of the Hamburg Naval Office and used as an office ship. From November 1939 it served as a living ship for the crew of the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper , which required some modifications by Blohm & Voss. It then served again as an office ship and for supervising the construction of the battleship Bismarck . In 1942 it was subordinated to the 8th Warship Construction Training Department. During the air raids on Hamburg in the summer of 1943, the ship was hit on 25th July and caught fire. As a result, it sank to the bottom of the harbour basin. It was raised at the beginning of 1944 and the Hulk was taken to the Curonian Lagoon in February as a target ship for the German Luftwaffe. It was later sunk there during Luftwaffe exercises. Source: Wikipedia Kriegshilfsdienst (K.H.D.) At the beginning of the Second World War, the war relief service was introduced as a temporary measure for high school students. For example, students were used to distribute ration cards. On 29th July 1941, Hitler issued a decree on the 'Reich Labor Service of Female Youth' that women had to do an additional six months of military service in addition to the six months of Reich Labor Service. The work was paid 45 Reichsmarks per month. Officially, military service should be carried out at social institutions, in hospitals and with needy families, at authorities and at Wehrmacht offices. In fact, of the 50,000 women recruited in the winter of 1942/43, 30,000 worked in transport companies and the armaments industry. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

3rd August 1942 Feldpost: Martha Keller Feldpost envelope sent in 1942 by Ernst Keller to Martha Keller, Frankenthaler Straße 37a, Ludwigshafen am Rhein. Keller gives Feldpostnummer 44050, allocated during 1942 to Feldeisenbahn-Maschinen-Abteilung 2, a German military field-railway machinery unit concerned with the technical and mechanical support of the Wehrmacht's railway system. Particularly poignant is a romantic message written discreetly inside the envelope, quoting the popular song “Dunkelrote Rosen” from the 1932 reworking of Carl Millöcker's operetta Gasparone: “Dunkelrote Rosen bring ich, schöne Frau! Und was das bedeutet, wissen Sie genau!” — “Dark-red roses I bring you, beautiful woman! And what that means, you know exactly!” The succeeding words develop the same theme: the lover finds it difficult to express directly what is in his heart, so the dark-red roses are allowed to speak for him; flowers possess their own secret language and can communicate feelings that a lover may hesitate to put into words. The location of the quotation inside the Feldpost envelope therefore seems particularly appropriate, creating a private romantic message intended for Martha rather than merely an incidental quotation from a popular song. Later correspondence shows that Ernst continued writing to Martha into June 1944, by which time she was living at Gommersheimer Straße 20, Dudenhofen. Subsequent evidence establishes that Ernst and Martha became husband and wife and had a child in 1944, transforming the surviving Feldpost correspondence into a small personal record of a relationship maintained during wartime separation and the beginnings of the Keller family. Ref: 03.08.1942 - 37/9 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

1st August 1942 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st

10th May 1941 Sweden: Hemvärnet Swedish cover posted on 10th May 1941, franked with the 15 öre issue commemorating the 400th anniversary of the Gustav Vasa Bible and bearing a non-postal “PÅ POST FÖR SVERIGE” label depicting three helmeted Swedish soldiers. The label was associated with Sweden's Hemvärnet (Home Guard) and the country's wartime preparedness campaign. The date is particularly evocative: Sweden was maintaining extensive military preparedness while surrounded by a rapidly changing European war; Finland had begun mobilisation on 9th May 1941, only the previous day. On the very day this cover was posted, the Swedish Riksdag was dealing with matters including donations to air defence, civil defence and the Home Guard. Elsewhere in Europe, 10th May 1941 was also the day Rudolf Hess made his extraordinary flight from Germany to Scotland. The cover therefore provides a particularly well-dated example of civilian Swedish mail carrying a visible reminder of the country's military preparedness during the Second World War. Ref: 10.05.1941 - 37/8 (front only - nothing of interest to reverse). The non-postal “PÅ POST FÖR SVERIGE” wartime label depicting three helmeted Swedish soldiers. The label formed part of a fundraising and publicity campaign associated with Sweden's wartime preparedness and the Hemvärnet (Home Guard), with proceeds helping provide equipment for voluntary defence activities. Although Sweden remained neutral during the Second World War, the country maintained extensive military preparedness, and such labels brought that national-defence campaign directly onto ordinary civilian correspondence. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Index B A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z B Bahnpost Cancel examples - see 27/57 (1937) Banking and Financial services (also see Tax) Correspondence to/from German banks, financial institutions, insurance companies etc . Including foreign bank correspondence into Germany. Notes on income : The weekly earnings of a skilled worker in the metal trades averaged 36.53 marks in 1913, 54.43 marks at the high point in October 1928, and only 30.59 marks in September 1932. The weekly earnings of an unskilled labourer in the same industry were 27.04 marks in 1913, 42.26 marks in October 1928 and 21.13 marks in September 1932. Source: Die Wirtschaftskurve , Heft IV, 1932, p.322 Barracks (kaserne) & Lager Directory Postcards, letters and postal cancellations Battle of Britain 30th July 1940 Belgium Stamps of Belgium Winterhulp semi-postal (Mi.Block 9A) Berlin Last mail in/out of Berlin - Hamburg to Berlin (26.04.1945) BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCE Books, journals and magazines etc., used for Brief History research Bildtelegramm 20/4, 21/3 Births, deaths and marriages Official notification of birth in Hostomtz (Hostomice - Czech) - see 27/77 Notification of a birth certificate request? - see 19/131 BOCHMANN Special/commemorative cancellations by place name as listed in the Julius Bochmann catalogues of 1952. ALSO including special cancellations from the Occupied countries JB:Rinteln1/646 - 14.03.1943 Aschaffenburg 2/4, 4/2, 11/2, 13/2, Berlin 6/5, 6/6, 11/4, 11/4 Bitterfeld 6/6, Coburg 2/4, Dresden 11/4, 12/3, Hamburg 13/2, 13/3 Hohenstein-Ernstthal 9/3, Iglau 5/4, Krefeld 6/6, Lauenhain 6/6, Linz 6/6, 'Mother & Child' 5/4, Mannheim 7/8, Munich 2/4, 20/10, Nuremberg 2/1, 9/3, 12/2, Oberhof 6/6, Pasewalk 6/4, Posen 20/11, 'Postgut' 4/2, Villach 6/6, Wilhelmshaven 4/3, Wollstein 20/3 Boeing 314 Clipper Atlantic Clipper BOHEMIA & MORAVIA In the early hours of the morning of 15th March 1939, the German Army marched in and occupied the Czech lands of Bohemia & Moravia, the important industrial and mining region around the town of Ostrova had been occupied during the preceding night. A directory of Bohemia & Moravia (inc. stamps and postal history etc.) can be found here. Postal stationery postcard regarding an unknown financial matter - see 30/13 (needs translation) Booksellers & Publishers Booksellers (Buchhandlung) Directory Bertelmanns - Verlag - see 02.12.1939 - 30/3 (Postcards reads, 'We order: 1. 100 identity card applications 2. 100 birth certificates 3. 100 military service cards 4. 10 military service card cover sheets for police registration lists (notification to the local group, district leader, NSV) 5. 50 inserts for these. Brazil Brazilian postage stamps within the Brief History collection Breslau 1938 cachet 5/5, 7/3 Bridges Road and rail bridges of significance in Germany Brown Ribbon of Germany Official cover (hand-stamp to reverse) - see 34/67 BUILDINGS Significant buildings within Germany (ancient and modern) Nuremberg Congress Hall small photo-card 25/59 (orphan) Stadt der Reichsparteitage postcard 25/60 Bulgaria Stamps of Bulgaria See - 33/76 (1,2,4,AB, 1943) Bulgaria - 1935 , Bulgaria - 1939 Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM) League of German Girls (Hitler Youth) Gebietsführerinninschüle (Schloss Heiligenberg) - see 19/14 SEE HITLER YOUTH Business Directory An A-Z of companies of historical interest Julius Behrend. Hannover. Bed feathers. 25/64 (orphan) Rauscher & Co. Brüx. Typewriters. 25/53 (orphan) 👆 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Commercial postcard dated 2nd September 1935, sent from the tobacco dealer Oscar Ganz, Löbderstraße 3, Jena, to Erich Böhm of Eisenach, co-proprietor of the Leipzig commercial agency Heise & Böhm. The printed card advertises the tobacco manufacturers represented by Böhm, notably Gebr. Feibelmann, Zigarren-Fabriken, Mannheim, and Kessing & Thiele, Bünde. Gebr. Feibelmann underwent a major change shortly afterwards: in October 1935 members of the Feibelmann family left the partnership and the business became Hediger & Co., Zigarrenfabriken, vormals Gebr. Feibelmann; surviving Baden-Württemberg state records subsequently place the firm within the Nazi-period Aryanisation files. Kessing & Thiele, one of Germany's largest cigarillo manufacturers, also later appears in documented negotiations concerning the acquisition of a Jewish-owned cigar business during its owners' attempts to emigrate. The card therefore provides useful contemporary commercial evidence of connections within the German tobacco industry during the early National Socialist period. Ref: 02.09.1935 - 37/7 2nd September 1935 Aryanisation: Heise & Böhm Commercial postcard dated 2nd September 1935, sent from the tobacco dealer Oscar Ganz, Löbderstraße 3, Jena, to Erich Böhm of Eisenach, co-proprietor of the Leipzig commercial agency Heise & Böhm. The printed card advertises the tobacco manufacturers represented by Böhm, notably Gebr. Feibelmann, Zigarren-Fabriken, Mannheim, and Kessing & Thiele, Bünde. Gebr. Feibelmann underwent a major change shortly afterwards: in October 1935 members of the Feibelmann family left the partnership and the business became Hediger & Co., Zigarrenfabriken, vormals Gebr. Feibelmann; surviving Baden-Württemberg state records subsequently place the firm within the Nazi-period Aryanisation files. Kessing & Thiele, one of Germany's largest cigarillo manufacturers, also later appears in documented negotiations concerning the acquisition of a Jewish-owned cigar business during its owners' attempts to emigrate. The card therefore provides useful contemporary commercial evidence of connections within the German tobacco industry during the early National Socialist period. Ref: 02.09.1935 - 37/7 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

September 1935 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th

This airmail cover was posted at Hamburg on 22nd April 1938 and addressed to Sr. Walter Philipp in Havana, Cuba. The manuscript instruction “Flugpost via New-York” directed the letter by air through New York for onward transmission to Cuba. The reverse bears a Havana arrival marking dated 25th April 1938, indicating that the journey from Hamburg to Havana was completed in approximately three days. A Cuban slogan marking on the reverse reads “COMPRE PRODUCTOS DE CUBA – PROTEJA LA INDUSTRIA NACIONAL” (“Buy Cuban products – protect national industry”). The cover is franked with a 25 Rpf Hindenburg definitive and three 6 Rpf stamps commemorating the plebiscite of 10th April 1938, giving a total franking of 43 Reichspfennig. The 6 Rpf stamps, Michel 662, carry the propaganda inscription “Ein Volk – Ein Reich – Ein Führer” and had been issued in connection with the plebiscite following the German annexation of Austria. Consequently, these stamps were being used on this international letter only twelve days after the plebiscite, providing an example of contemporary Nazi political propaganda entering ordinary overseas postal use almost immediately. The sender's address on the reverse appears to read R. Philipp, Pilatuspool 1, Hamburg, giving the sender and recipient the same surname. A family relationship is therefore possible, although this has not presently been established, nor has a commercial connection between the two Philipps been identified. Ref: 22.04.1938 - 37/3 22nd April 1938 Hamburg: Cuba This airmail cover was posted at Hamburg on 22nd April 1938 and addressed to Sr. Walter Philipp in Havana, Cuba. The manuscript instruction “Flugpost via New-York” directed the letter by air through New York for onward transmission to Cuba. The reverse bears a Havana arrival marking dated 25th April 1938, indicating that the journey from Hamburg to Havana was completed in approximately three days. A Cuban slogan marking on the reverse reads “COMPRE PRODUCTOS DE CUBA – PROTEJA LA INDUSTRIA NACIONAL” (“Buy Cuban products – protect national industry”). The cover is franked with a 25 Rpf Hindenburg definitive and three 6 Rpf stamps commemorating the plebiscite of 10th April 1938, giving a total franking of 43 Reichspfennig. The 6 Rpf stamps, Michel 662, carry the propaganda inscription “Ein Volk – Ein Reich – Ein Führer” and had been issued in connection with the plebiscite following the German annexation of Austria. Consequently, these stamps were being used on this international letter only twelve days after the plebiscite, providing an example of contemporary Nazi political propaganda entering ordinary overseas postal use almost immediately. The sender's address on the reverse appears to read R. Philipp, Pilatuspool 1, Hamburg, giving the sender and recipient the same surname. A family relationship is therefore possible, although this has not presently been established, nor has a commercial connection between the two Philipps been identified. Ref: 22.04.1938 - 37/3 Research caveat: A potentially interesting but presently unproven identification exists for the recipient. An artist named Walter Philipp was born in Hamburg on 1st January 1897 and later lived and worked in New York, where his paintings attracted attention during the 1940s. The combination of the recipient's name, his presence overseas and the Hamburg connection makes comparison worthwhile; however, no evidence has yet been found placing that Walter Philipp in Havana in 1938 or connecting him with the Cuban address on this cover. The identification should therefore remain a research possibility only and should not presently be regarded as established. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Commercial postcard issued by Paul Koch and advertising the 'Ka-Be' range of stamp albums. Ref: 07.09.1935 7th September 1935 Paul Koch Commercial postcard issued by Paul Koch and advertising the 'Ka-Be' range of stamp albums. Ref: 07.09.1935 Paul Koch &'KA-BE' Also see 07.09.1935 - 24/69, 17.12.1945 - 34/29, 14.08.1967 - 37/4 Commercial postcard sent from Paul Koch, G.M.B.H, in Aschersleben. Link to more details for this postcard here . Ref: 10.01.1937 - 26/85 'Ka-Be' advertising vignette. Requires reference. Sheet from a 'Ka-Be' memo pad (possibly waste as the registration is so poor). To the reverse is a Mi.822 (European Postal Congress) with special cancellation dated 12.10.1942. Ref: 12.10.1942 - 26/82 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

29th September 1937 JB: Berlin 29th September 1937 Bochmann Berlin Cover sent from Berlin to an address in Jena. Featuring either Mi.646 or Mi.648 (from miniature sheets Block 7 or Block 9, without inscription on either side column design) and Mi.650 (taken from Block 11, with inscription to each side column design). With special cancellation (JB: Berlin243/114). Ref: 29.09.1937 - 27/86 BERLIN cancellations as featured in the Bochmann catalogues (1952) JB:Berlin146/99 - 'Germanoposta' - Ref: 08.04.1934 - 24/10 JB:Berlin170/102 - 12.Große deutsche/ Rundfunkausstellung/ Berlin 1935. Ref: 22.08.1935 JB:Berlin178/103 - see 07.01.1936 - 24/72 JB:Berlin179/103 - see 18.01.1936 - 24/74 JB:Berlin182/103 - 'Autoschau Berlin 1936/ 1886 1936/ 50 Jahre Automobil'. Ref: 27.02.1936 JB:Belin201/107 - 'Besucht/ Die Küche der Welt/ Jahresschau/ 7.-18. Oktober/ Kaiserdamm Berlin'. Ref: 10.10.1936 JB:Berlin208/108 - see 20.12.1936 - 26/10 JB:Berlin210/108 - 'Kolonial-Briefmarken-Schau/ 9.-10.1.11937'. Ref: 09.01.1937 JB:Berlin211/109 - 'Tag der Briefmarke/ 10.01.1937 10-19'. Ref: 10.01.1937 - 26/85 JB:Berlin213/109 - Kolonialfeiern/ vom 23.u.24.Jan.37/ Zoo - Berlin'. Ref: 23.01.1937 JB: Berlin220/111 - see 08.04.1937 - 22/97 JB: Berlin222/111 - see 27/38 JB:Berlin224/112 - 'Jede deutsche Frau ins/ Deutsche/ Frauenwer!/ Berlin-Schöneberg/ Hauptstr.19.II'. Ref: 25.05.1937 JB: Berlin234 (a)/113 - see 13.08.1937 JB: Berlin241/113 - see 33/21 JB:Berlin243/114 - 'Staatstreffen Mussolini - Hitler/ 25.-29. 9.1939'. Ref: 29.09.1937 JB:Berlin244/114 - '5/ Jahre/ Briefmarken-Tauschzirkel Charlottenburg 1932/ 10.10.1937'. Ref: 10.10.1937 JB:Berlin247/114 - 'Briefmarken-/ Sammler-/ Verein/ Köpenick/ 1907 1937/ Jubiläums-Werbeschau'. Ref: 21.11.1937 JB:Berlin248/115 - 'Tag der Nationalen Solidarität'. Ref: 04.12.1937 - 17/26 JB: Berlin253Hd (W62/C)/115 - see 19/18 JB: Berlin255/116 - see 33/11 JB: Berlin263/117 - see 34/53 JB: Berlin265/117 - see 28/99 JB:Berlin269/117 - 'Kolonialausstellung/ 14..-29. Mai 1938'. Ref: 18.05.1938 - 27/100 JB:Berlin270Hd(5/a)/117 - see 19/51 JB:Berlin273/118 - 'Schalke 04 - Hannover 96/ Deutsche Fußball/ Meisterschaft/ Endspiel im Olympia-Stadion' (5/c). Ref: 03.07.1938 Note on JB: Berlin273/118 . Cancellation '5/d' is a Rohrpost cancel that features the minutes following the date. CHECK JB:Berlin280/119 - see 29/4 JB:Berlin281/119 - see 14.08.1938 JB:Berlin282/119 - 'Deutschlandreise/ Reichsverweser v. Horthy/ 8.1938' (used on 25th & 26th August). Ref: 25.08.1938 - 28/33 JB: Berlin300/121 - see 30.01.1939 - 23/1 JB: Berlin301/121 - see 18.02.1939 - 22/82,83 & 84 JB: Berlin303/122 - see 19.03.1939 JB:Belin311/123 - 'Heimkehr der Legion Condor/ 6.6.1939'. Ref: 06.06.1939 - 29/48 JB:Berlin313/123 - '16. Große Deutsche/ Rundfunk- u./ Fernsehrundfunk-/ Ausstellung/ 28.7.-6.8./ Berlin 1939'. Ref: 05.08.1939 JB:Berlin322/125 see 29.03.1940 - 23/63 & 64 JB:Berlin323/125 - 'Nationale/ Briefmarken-/ Ausstellung 1940/ Deutsche Marken-/ Deutsche Stempel'. Ref: 29.03.1940 - 23/65 JB:Berlin328/126 see 20.04.1940 - 23/74 JB:Berlin335/127 see 11.11.1940 - 30/83 JB:Berlin336/127 see 27.10.1940 - 26/43 JB:Berlin338/127 see 24.11.1940 - 30/87 JB:Berlin346/128 - see 34/48 JB:Berlin349/128 - see 34/48 JB:Berlin350/128 see 30.01.1941 JB:Berlin364/130 - 'Seegeltung = Weltgeltung/ 15.6.1941'. Ref: 15.06.1941 JB:Berlin368/130 - '1 Briefmarken-Werbeschau Kreis IX/ 1.11. u. 2.11. 1941/ 11.1941'. Ref: 03.11.1941 JB:Berlin369/131 - see 34/14 JB:Berlin370/131 - see 33/44 JB:Berlin371/131 - 'Sie starben für Grossdeutschland/ 15.3.1942'. Ref: 15.03.1942 Note on JB:Berlin 371/131 . This cancel was only used in conjunction with postage stamp Mi.812 issued to commemorate Heroe's Memorial Day. JB:Belin372/131 - see 28/53 JB:Berlin376 (a-I)/132 - 'Ausstellung/ Das Sowjet-Paradies/ im Lustgarten - 9.Mai - 21.Juni'. Ref: 21.06.1942 JB:Berlin376/132 (a-II)/132 - 'Ausstellung/ Das Sowjet-Paradies/ im Lustgarten - 9.Mai - 21.Juni'. Ref: 19.06.1942 Note on JB:Berlin376/132 . There are two variations: designation letter 'a', which is small, thin and left-leaning (a-I), and designation letter 'a' which is large, thick and vertical (a-II). Note: Whilst Bochmann lists two variations of 376 it is to be noted that the images depicting the man, woman and child are in fact different. The note regarding the 'a' identification letter does not emphasise that the font is not the same. This indicates that more than two design variations exist (unless this is variation Bochmann intended to catalogue). JB:Berlin381/132 - 'Hertha B.S.C. Jubiläumsspiele/ 50/ 1892-1942/ 16.8/ 1942'. Ref: 16.08.1942 JB:Berlin382/132 - 'Wehrkampftage der SA. 1942/ Sportappell der Betriebe/ 13.9.1942'. Ref: 13.09.1942 - 36/39 JB:Berlin385/132 - see 7/10 JB:Berlin389/133 - see 11.12.1943 - 7/8 (with notes on apparent date error) JB:Berlin391/133 - 'Ihr Opfer verpflichtet/ Kriegs/ Hilfswerk/ 1944'. Note: The last special cancellation of 1944. Ref: 26.08.1944 - 34/3 POST WAR JB:Berlin394/133 - Delegierten-Beratung/ der Freien/ Deutschen Gewerkschaften/ für das sowjetisch besetzte/ deutsche gebiet/ 9.-11.Februar 1946'. Ref: 10.02.1946 - 16/47 JB:Berlin397/134 - '15. Parteitag der/ Kommunistischen Partei/ Deutschlands/ 19/20.April 1946'. Ref:19.04.1946 - 15/20 JB:Berlin405/134 - see 14/97 (black), 34/60 (violet, 'b') JB:Berlin409/135 - 'Biennial Exposition/ U.S. Military Government/ 1945/ 11.-27.7.1947/ 1947/ U.S. Militärregierung/ Zwei-Jahres-Ausstellung'. Ref: 11.07.1947 GENERIC CANCELLATIONS used in numerous cities including Berlin JB:70/808 - see 05.09.1934 - 18/66 JB:72/808 - see 20.06.1934 - 24/12 JB:117/813 - 'Weihnachtssendungen/ rechzeitig aufgeben'. Ref:12.12.1935 - 16/62 JB:164/819 - see 10.07.1935, 30/28 (1940 variation) JB:165/818 - 'Heimatgrüße/ nach Übersee durch/ verbilligte Telegramme/ 14.12.-6.1.' (generic cancellation used in 17 cities). Ref: 06.01.1938 JB:166/818 - see 22.04.1936 - 24/80, 32/52, 34/6, 34/17 JB:169G/819 - see 34/77 JB:194A/821 JB:203/822 - 'Erfülle Deine/ Luftschutzpflicht!' (generic cancellation used in six cities). Ref: 08.09.1936 JB:203/822 variation - 'Erfülle Deine/ Luftschutzpflicht!' (generic cancellation used in six cities). Ref: 15.09.1940 JB:207/822 - see 12.05.1936 - 24/83 JB:216/823 - 'Berlin 1936/ Ausstellung/ Deutschland/ 18.7.-16.8/ Am Kaiserdamm' (generic cancellation used in 17 cities). Ref: 11.07.1936 JB:268/828 - see 29/89 (good example) JB:289/830 - 'Internationale/ Handwerks/ Ausstellung/ Berlin 1938/ 28.Mai-10.Juli'. Ref: 04.06.1938 - 22/65 JB:337/835 - 22.12.1939 - 30/10 JB:346/836 - 'Ein Volk/ hilft sich/ selbst/ Kriegs-WHW' (generic cancellation used in eight cities). Ref: 25.01.1940 JB:366/838 - see 18.01.1941 - 22/2 JB:368/838 - see 28.02.1941 - 33/92 JB:372/838 - see 29.05.1941 - 35/4 JB:373/838 - see 21.08.1944 - 27/1 JB:339/835 - see 31.12.1939 - 30/19 JB:400/841 - see 06.07.1943 - 23/24 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

22nd April 1938 Schools: Hanover See 31.12.1939 - 30/20 (late use of postcard BV2156) Schools in Hanover 'Raise the flag!'. At the school flag ceremony, boys and girls had to stand at attention with their teachers in the schoolyard and salute the swastika flag with 'Heil Hitler.' The flag song was sung (refrain): 'Our flag flutters before us. Our flag is the new age. And the flag leads us into eternity! Yes, the flag is more than death.' The 10 to 18-year-olds didn't consider how seriously the last line was meant. In another song adopted from the SA, it said: '...when Jewish blood spurts from the knife, then that's doubly good.' From 1936/37 onward, the Nazis increasingly restructured school curricula. Hitler photos in the classroom and swastika flags in and around the school became commonplace. In the 'ideologically formative' subject of German, spelling, grammar, and literature were relegated to the background. Instead, the German fatherland and the heroes of German history were emphasized. History lessons were restricted—instead of world history, only German history was taught, with a focus on the 'superiority of the Nordic race.' New to the National Socialist biology curriculum were 'heredity' and 'racial studies' —a subject in which pseudoscientific claims were disseminated that were and are rejected by reputable science. Instead of acquiring knowledge, 'physical fitness' was promoted as the National Socialist ideal—the number of physical education hours increased from two to four to six hours per week. Classical humanistic education was rejected as 'un-German.' According to Reich Youth Leader von Schirach, 'a teacher was inherently no more suitable as a leader of youth than any other member of the German people'. Although teachers were clearly not highly regarded, 97% of all schoolteachers joined the National Socialist Teachers' League. A third of all teachers were party members. School teachers and university professors deemed unsympathetic to the Nazi regime and Jewish teachers were dismissed from their teaching positions by order of Bernhard Rust, the Prussian Minister of Culture, who hailed from Hanover. From 1936 onward, the Herschel School and the Humboldt School offered an advisory center for 'aviation health' within the city's schools. 1939: The Bismarck School was converted into a military hospital. The Leibniz School showed particular devotion to the new regime: The school's director, Fritz Heiligenstaedt, reported the 'purging' of the school library and handed over masses of liberal literature for book burning at the Bismarck Tower. The Catholic Bonifatius School got a new headmaster on 17th October 1933: Schneemann was an enthusiastic National Socialist and frequently appeared at school in SA uniform. He forced the students to join the Hitler Youth and the League of German Girls (BDM) en masse. Hitler Youth service was scheduled to coincide with Sunday morning church services. The Free Waldorf School was downgraded to an experimental school and closed in April 1939. Students at the Ratsgymnasium (a type of secondary school) defied their National Socialist history teacher, who was subsequently dismissed. In 1937, the last Jewish student (Israel Schul) passed his Abitur (university entrance exam). At the Kaiser Wilhelm Gymnasium, the headmaster, Hoesch, was almost dismissed because a student wrote an essay on freedom of the press. After the Nazis seized power, new school subjects were introduced: 'German Prehistory,' 'Heredity,' and 'Racial Studies.' In everyday school life, Jewish classmates were humiliated in front of the class. On the blackboard, written in German cursive script, are the words: 'The Jew is our greatest enemy. Beware of the Jews.' On the right, with bowed heads, are Jewish classmates. From 19th September 1935, Jewish pupils were no longer allowed to attend public schools. From May 1935, there was a Jewish elementary school run by the Jewish community of Hanover on Lützowstraße (from the book: History of the City of Hanover) . From June 1942, all schools for Jewish children and young people were closed. Source: https://www.ns-zeit-hannover.de/ Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Feldpost Cancellation Directory Feldpost Cancellation Directory Feldpost Cancellation Directory Feldpost Cancellation Directory 1937-1945 'FELDPOST' (Type 01 - Hand-stamp) 'FELDPOST' designation letters: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o , a1etc. , Aa etc. , Misc. 'FELDPOST' (variations) 'FELDPOST' double circle 'FELDPOST' Danzig double circle (MFP, p.48) - see 09.12.1939 (Type a - 1), 34/76 (Type a - 4), 10.03.1941 (Type c - 15) 'FELDPOST' Brussels double circle (Types 1 - 24) 'FELDPOST' Kreismaschinenhalbstempel (Type 1 - 22mm) with or without slogan - see 10.12.1940 - 32/3 (MFP2/47 - Werbestempel 1) Single Circle (Types 01-11 - Hand-stamp) Type 01 - Single circle only - see 30/12, 30/18, 10.02.1940 - 30/38, 26.06.1940 - 23/95, 14.10.1940 - 30/71, 04.11.1940 - 30/77, 34/33 Type 01 - Single circle only that has been customised - see 32/73 (MFPh/80) Type 02 - Single circle with two floating parralell bars to centre Type 03 - Single circle with central rectangular box Type 04 - Single circle with upper third of inner circle missing Type 05 - Single circle with upper and lower portion of inner circle missing Type 06 - Single circle with upper and lower arch Type 07 - Single circle with upper arch only Type 08 - Single circle with lower arch only Type 09 - Single circle with upper and lower gridded arch Type 10 - Single circle with upper gridded arch Type 11 - Single circle with lower gridded arch Single Circle cancellation with lines (on either side or both) See 30.12.1939-30/25 Single Circle cancellations with slogan Single Circle with Bar (Types 12-24) Type 12 - Single circle with bridge only Type 13 - Single circle with bridge and upper and lower arch Type 14 - Single circle with bridge and upper arch only Type 15 - Single circle with bridge and lower arch only Type 16 - Single circle with bridge and upper and lower gridded arch Type 17 - Single circle with bridge and upper gridded arch Type 18 - Single circle with bridge and lower gridded arch Type 19 - Single circle with bridge over inner circle (London Underground) Type 19 - Single circle with bridge over inner circle (London Underground) with wavy lines either side (tarn-hand rollstempel - MFP81) - see 18/48 Type 19 - Single circle with bridge over inner circle (London Underground) with straight lines either side (tarn-machine rollstempel - MFP82) Type 20 - Single circle with bridge over upper inner circle only Type 21 - Single circle with bridge over lower inner circle only Type 22 - Single circle with bridge over gridded inner circle (London Underground) Type 23 - Single circle with bridge over gridded upper inner circle only Type 24 - Single circle with bridge over gridded lower inner circle only Single and Double Circle cancellations with complete central bar Single and Double Circle cancellations with complete central bar with lines (on ether side or both) Single and Double Circle cancellations with complete central bar with slogan Double Circle (Types 25-27) Type 25 - Double circle without bridge Type 25 - Machine double circle without bridge and straight lines either side - see 32/14 Type 26 - Double circle with central bridge within Type 26 - Machine double circle with central bridge and wavy lines either side - see 32/68 (MFP32/83) Type 27 - Double Circle with central bridge and gridded inner circle Double Circle cancellations with slogan Rectangle and Elliptical (Types 28-29) Type 28 - Rectangle Type 29 - Elliiptical Variations of types 01 - 29 RIGA - Feldpost cancellations PSST Kriegsmarine vessel cancellations Wehrmacht-Manöver of 1937 Austria Sudetenland Freudenthal (Bruntál) - 07.10.1938 Tschernoschin (Černošín) - 07.10.1938 Bohemia & Moravia See 18.03.1939 - 23/8 (early use 'FELDPOST' also in 'double circle') See 23.03.1939 - 29/20 ('d' - early use 'FELDPOST' also in 'double circle') See 21.03.1939 - 19/80 ('b' - early use 'FELDPOST' single circle) See 30.03.1939 - 29/23 ('b' - early use 'FELDPOST' single circle) Slovakia Übungspost 1939 (pre-war) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page