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20th October 1946 Souvenir Sheet 20th October 1946 Souvenir Sheet 20.10.1946 Souvenir Sheet Mi.937 reverse.jpeg 20.10.1946 Souvenir Sheet Mi.937 reverse.jpeg 1/1 An A6 sheet (thin paper), produced for the 'Tag der Briefmarke' 20th October 1946. Featuring a 1 RM definitive from the 1st Control Commission issue (Feb./May 1946). With special cancellation from Duisburg-Ruhrort. Ref: 20.10.1946 - 15/23 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

14th May 1946 14th May 1946 1/0 Large 'nachnahme' cover sent from Leipzig to an address in Chemnitz. Featuring 6 Pf Großrächen (Mi.43A), 12 Pf Großrächen (Mi.44C), 12 + 8 Pf Plauen (Mi.5y), and 20 Pf Sachsen (Mi.81X). Ref: 14.05.1946 - 11/18

18th August 1947 Karl-Ernst Ramftler 18th August 1947 Karl-Ernst Ramftler 18.08.1947 - 16_64 Karl-Ernst Ramftler reverse.jpeg 18.08.1947 - 16_64 Karl-Ernst Ramftler reverse.jpeg 1/1 Commercial postcard sent from stamp dealer Karl-Ernst Ramftler in Hamburg to a correspondent in Heilbronn. Ref: 18.08.1947 - 16/64 Karl-Ernst Ramftler Further research required Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

12th January 1946 Thyssen AG 12th January 1946 Thyssen AG 1/1 Cover sent to the Thyssen steel company form an ophthalmologist (both in Leipzig - note the postmarked time as '12' and the received date stamp as '18' on the 12th January). Ref: 12.01.1946 Thyssen AG Thyssen was a major German steel producer founded by August Thyssen. The company merged with Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp to form ThyssenKrupp in 1999. On 29th September 1891, August Thyssen and his brother Joseph Thyssen came to be in possession of all shares of Gewerkschaft Deutscher Kaiser , a coal mining company. On 17th December 1891, the steelworks of the same company opened in Hamborn (today part of Duisburg). The Nazi rearmament policy and subsequent war made the plants essential to the war economy. After the end of World War II, the Allies ordered the company to be liquidated and in 1953 a new company, also named August Thyssen-Hütte AG , was formed in Duisburg. The other mills of the company in Duisburg became legally independent entities; in the 1950s and 1960s they were reintegrated into the Thyssen group. However, the mining division was not reconglomerated; thus Thyssen became largely a steel company. 'Fritz' Thyssen Friedrich 'Fritz' Thyssen (1873 - 1951) was a German businessman, born into one of Germany's leading industrial families. He was an early supporter of the Nazi Party but later broke with it. Thyssen welcomed the Nazi suppression of leftist organisations such as the Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, and trade unions. In 1934, he was one of the business leaders who persuaded Hitler to suppress the SA, leading to the 'Night of the Long Knives'. Thyssen became a member of Hans Frank's Academy for German Law. He accepted the anti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany that excluded Jews from business and professional life, and dismissed his Jewish employees. But as a Catholic, he objected to the increasing Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany, which gathered pace after 1935: in 1937 he sent a letter to Hitler, protesting at the persecution of Christians in Germany. The breaking point for Thyssen was the violent pogrom against the Jews in November 1938, known as Kristallnacht , which caused him to resign from the Prussian Council of State. By 1939 he was also bitterly criticising Nazi economic policies, which focused on rearmament in preparation for war. On 1st September 1939, the invasion of Poland marked the commencement of World War II. Thyssen sent Hermann Göring a telegram saying he was opposed to the war, shortly after arriving in Switzerland with his family. He was expelled from the Nazi Party and the Reichstag, and his company was nationalised. The company was returned to other members of the Thyssen family several years after the war. In 1940, Thyssen took refuge and moved to France, intending to emigrate to Argentina, but was caught up in the German invasion of France and the Low Countries while he was visiting his ill mother in Belgium. He was arrested by Vichy France and sent back to Germany, where he was confined, first in a sanatorium near Berlin, then from 1943 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. His wife Amelie did not escape to Argentina and spent the whole war in the concentration camp with her husband. In February 1945, Thyssen was sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was comparatively well-treated and transferred to Tyrol in late-April 1945 together with other prominent inmates, where the SS left the prisoners behind. He was liberated by the 42nd Infantry Division and 45th Infantry Division on 5th May 1945. While Thyssen was imprisoned in Germany, a memoirs was published in the United States in 1941 under the title I Paid Hitler . The book was ghostwritten by the journalist Emery Reves, the memoirs are seen as unreliable by historians. Thyssen was tried for being a supporter of the Nazi Party. He did not deny that he had been a Nazi supporter until 1938, and he accepted responsibility for his companies' mistreatment of Jewish employees in the 1930s, although he denied involvement in the employment of slave labour during the war. On 2nd October 1948, a denazification tribunal declared Thyssen a lesser offender and sentenced him to a fine of 15% of his assets. Thyssen agreed to pay 500,000 Deutschmarks (equivalent to €1,652,535 in 2021) as compensation to those who suffered as a result of his actions, and was acquitted of other charges. In January 1950, he and his wife emigrated to Buenos Aires, where he died the following year. Thyssen was buried in the family mausoleum in Mülheim. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

16th March 1946 Stuttgart Zurück 16th March 1946 Stuttgart Zurück 16.03.1946 Stuttgart Zuruck reverse.jpeg 16.03.1946 Stuttgart Zuruck reverse.jpeg 1/1 'Fee paid' 'Zurück' cover sent from Bendorf to Stuttgart. With postal authorities hand stamp to reverse stating, 'Recipient and street in Stuttgart unknown'. Ref: 16.03.1946 - 16/13 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

1st July 1946 Buchhandlung 1st July 1946 Buchhandlung 01.07.1946 Buchhandlung Johanna Stopp reverse.jpeg 01.07.1946 Buchhandlung Johanna Stopp reverse.jpeg 1/1 Commercial postage (four sides) sent from bookseller Johanna Stopp in Schierling to a company in Hannover. Many of the books for sales regard the changes to wage tax in the British zone from 1st July 1946. Ref: 01.07.1946 - 15/22 Reverse - further details of books for sale and a reply card. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

27th November 1947 Joint Zone Mi.P962 27th November 1947 Joint Zone Mi.P962 27.11.1947 Mi.P962 reverse.jpeg 27.11.1947 Mi.P962 reverse.jpeg 1/1 Official issue postcard Mi.P962 (12 Pf). First issued March 1947. Featuring additional postage Mi.965 (12 Pf) and Mi.949 (16 Pf). The correspondence reads, 'I would be grateful if you would kindly send me your stock list for zone stamps and your exchange list. Reference: Your advert in the Stamp Exchange Register.' Ref: 27.11.1947, MPS422 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

26th 10th 1946 26th 10th 1946 26.10.1946 Mi.936 reverse.jpeg 26.10.1946 Mi.936 reverse.jpeg 1/1 Commercial window envelope (no contents) sent from the 'Deutsche Grosseinkaufs Gesellschaft' (German Wholesale Purchasing Company) in Weinheim to an address in Frankfurt. Above the organisation title there is a small square of brown paper which has 'obliterated' the DAF ('Deutsche Arbeitsfront' - German Labor-front) symbol of the swastika within a 14-toothed cog. Also featuring an 84 Rpf postage stamp (Mi.936). Ref: 26.10.1946 - 13/105 Modern history - Weinheim The Jewish comminuty comprised of168 in 1933. On 10th November1938, the furnishings of the synagogue were demolished by the Nazis. Subsequently the building was completely destroyed. On 22nd October 1940, 40 Jews were deported to Gurs ( more information on the Gurs camp here ). In 1967 two Jews were living in Weinheim. A plaque (mounted in 1967) commemorates the destroyed synagogue. Another memorial (mounted in 1999) is dedicated to the victims of the Nazi era. Contact Brief History to inform us of additonal information regarding this page

26th August 1946 First Official Air Mail Flight 26th August 1946 First Official Air Mail Flight 26.08.1946 First Flight reverse.jpeg 26.08.1946 First Flight reverse.jpeg 1/1 "First Flight' cover sent from New York to Berlin. Ref: 26.08.1946 Air mail from the USA to Germany officially resumed on the 28th August 1946 - the rate being 30c. Only covers mailed through Morgan Station in New York were eligible for first flights. The cover depicted here is sent from Church Street Station, New York, yet still appears to have the correct postage cancellations. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

21st August 1943 21st August 1943 1/0 Feldpost cover from Munster Lager. With a Briefstempel from Wehrkrieskommando X... which was administered from Hamburg... why the discrepancy. Ref: 21.08.1943

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23rd October 1945 ​ ​ 1/2 ​ Dual language Russian/German caption for the Leipzig Town Hall ​