17th February 1939 Berlin Motor Show 1939 17th February 1939 Berlin Motor Show 1939 1/1 Postcard commemorating the International Automobile and Motor-Cycle Exhibition in Berlin. Featuring commemorative postage stamps Mi.686-688 and commemorative cancellation JB:Berlin301/121. Ref: 18.02.1939 - 22/84 International Automobile and Motorcycle Show, Berlin The Berlin Motor Show originally started in 1897 in the German capital Berlin as the home of the International Motor Show ( Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung , IAA) and ran until 1939. From 1951 the IAA eventually became established in Frankfurt. Postcard issued for the International Automobile and Motorcycle Exhibition in Berlin. Featuring a Mercedes M154 racing car, as well as a full set of postage stamps issued to commemorate the event (Mi.686-688). Ref: 01.03.1939 On 30th September 1897, the first IAA was held by the Mitteleuropäischer Motorwagenverein ('Central European Motor Vehicle Association') at the Hotel Bristol on the Unter den Linden boulevard in Berlin. A total of eight Benz Velo, Lutzmann, Kühlstein, and Daimler motor vehicles were on display. A second motor show was held in 1898 at the exhibition grounds near Lehrter Bahnhof; in 1899 more than 100 exhibitors participated in the third motor show. As the automobile became more known and accepted, the IAA became a fixed event in Germany, with at least one held every year, usually in Berlin. In 1902 the show was held for the first time by the Association of German Automotive Industrialists ( Verein Deutscher Motorfahrzeug-Industrieller ) at Berlin Friedrichstraße station. The 7th exhibition in 1905 was inaugurated by Emperor Wilhelm II and until 1907, there were even two shows per year, as production had increased to an industrial level. In the next years, however, the show was suspended, due to the outbreak of World War I. With a pause after the war, the IAA was then reinstated and returned to a newly built exhibition hall in Berlin Westend in 1921, with 67 German automobile manufacturers displaying 90 vehicles under the motto 'comfort', including the Rumpler Tropfenwagen and a Bosch electric car horn. More than 600 exhibitors participated in the 15th IAA in 1923 and the next year's show saw the premiere of economy cars like the Hanomag 2/10 PS or the Opel 4 PS ( Laubfrosch ). The 1927 IAA was held at Cologne (under pressure from Mayor Konrad Adenauer), followed by the 20th IAA in Leipzig in March 1928, nevertheless, the 21st exhibition was again held in Berlin in November. It featured the first German vehicle with a rack steering and independent suspension (Röhr 8) as well as the eight-cylinder Opel Regent luxury car and a crank operated window by Brose. The 1929, 1930, and 1932 IAA were cancelled due to the Great Depression. Despite the still perceptible after-effects of the global recession, the 22nd IAA was held in Berlin in 1931 with a total of 295,000 visitors. For the first time the exhibition included front-wheel drive vehicles like the DKW F1. The 23rd IAA was held from 11th to 23rd February 1933, a few days after the Nazi seizure of power. It was inaugurated by Chancellor Adolf Hitler, who announced tax benefits for car owners, a major road construction programme and state-funded motorsport events. New models introduced included the Ford Köln, the Standard Superior, as well as the twelve-cylinder Maybach Zeppelin DS 8, then the most expensive German car ever built. In the following years, the annual exhibition developed to a national hall of fame of German engineering skill, essentially influenced by Nazi propaganda. Pushed by extensive billboard and screen advertising, the IAA finally became a mass event, with more than 600,000 visitors in 1934. In his inaugural speech, Hitler promised the construction of a cheap, simple car for the masses. He also proclaimed the idea of economic autarky, illustrated by the display of wood gas generators based on the patent of Georges Imbert or a steam car designed by Henschel. Nevertheless, the launch of the stream-lined Tatra 77 attracted greater attention. The manufacturing of the people's car ( Volkswagen ) remained the central issue of the following exhibitions. Finally in 1939, the KdF -car was presented for the first time, which later came to be known as the Beetle. The 29th installation of the event gathered a total of 825,000 visitors - an all-time record at that time. This was the last IAA before it was again suspended during World War II. Source: Wikipedia (2024) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.748-749 (25.07.1940) Eupen, Malmedy & Moresnet 1/1 Official postcard of the Reichskolonialbund, Berlin, depicting the shore-line at Dar es Salaam. Featuring postage stamp Mi.749 (12 Pf - Eupen) tied with special cancellation JB:Aussig2/52. Ref: 06.10.1940 Mi.748 - 749 Reintegration of Eupen, Malmedy and Moresnet. Notes: Engraving: Ernst Vogenauer . Photogravure printing. Sheets 5 x 10. Swastika watermark. Perf. 14. Quantity issued: unknown. Valid until 31.12.1941. Inscription on these stamps reads, 'Eupen-Malmedy again German'. Ernst Vogenauer Ernst Rudolf Vogenauer (1897 - 1972) was a German graphic artist. After World War I, he worked as a poster designer and a book illustrator. He also designed banknotes, postage stamps, wooden toys, and ceramics. Ernst Vogenauer studied in Munich during his early childhood and was a bright student of Fritz Helmut Ehmcke (1878–1965). At the same time, he worked for the Consee's art printing office in Munich. In 1921, he left Munich for a job at the National Printing Office in Berlin where he worked until World War II. He married his wife, Minna, in 1925, who a few years later had their first and only son. It was also at that time in the 1920s that he illustrated an edition of the Bavarian novel Der Wittiber (The Widower) by the German writer Ludwig Thoma (1867–1921). He was gifted in various artistic crafts. In spite of his respect for the Old Masters, he had an open mind about art and was attracted by futurism, cubism, and expressionism with regard to his official work for the National Printing Office of Berlin, and to avoid trouble, he often preferred to mark some of his private artistic works with the special signature 'Saturn'. His artistic friends were mainly Binder, Peter Kraemer (1896–1972), son of an American Bavarian painter also named Peter Kraemer and Carl Johann Rabus (1898–1983), a German expressionist painter. Carl Rabus made a self-portrait with Vogenauer (circa 1927 to 1937) titled: 'Zwei Freunde, Selbst mit Ernst Vogenauer' ('Two friends, Ernst Vogenauer and I'). Today this oil painting is in the private collection of Gerhard Schneider. After World War II, Vogenauer became an art teacher in the High Art School of Berlin-Weissensee, in East Germany. Ernst Rudolf Vogenauer was involved with German expressionism and participated in different international events such as the "First exhibition of modern art" in Bucharest. From 1946 to 1962 he worked as docent at the Berlin-Weissensee Art School (Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weissensee). Source: Wikipedia Mi.748 (6+4 Pf - Church of Saints, Peter, Paul & Quirinus, Malmedy). Ref: 31.07.1940 Mi.749 (12+8 Pf - Eupen). Ref: 20.08.1940 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

31st May 1943 Cartolina Postale 31st May 1943 Cartolina Postale 1/1 CARTOLINA POSTALE PER LE FORZE ARMATE. Italian propaganda postcard sent from a soldier of (RESEARCH REQUIRED - 'PM 29' Assigned to the 59th Infantry Division "Cagliari" and includes the 63rd and 59th Infantry Division "Cagliari", 59th Artillery Regiment and the 28th Legion CC.NN..). Featuring a propaganda quotation from Mussolini. Ref: 31.05.1943 'Armi e cuori devono essere tesi verso la mèta: conquistare la vittoria.' MUSSOLINI (Weapons and hearts must be turned towards the goal: conquering victory.) Further example of a 'Cartolina Postale per le Forze Armate' featuring the 'Armi e cuori...' quote from Mussolini. Sent from a soldier of Divisione 'Forli'. PM 38 (Assigned to the 36th Infantry Division 'Forlì'; includes the 43rd and 44th Infantry Regiments, the 36th Artillery Regiment and the 112th Legion CC.NN.). Ref: 27.08.1943 The typewritten message reads, in part, 'The mail hasn't arrived yet, so you can imagine how worried and anxious I am to receive news after the bombing in your town. I don't know if my letters reach you regularly, at least I hope so so you will be reassured. I always advise you to be alert when they come to bomb you, try, if possible, to get away. Let me know the news about Goffredo. I often write to him. Olga has written me a letter and assures me that she is well, but she is anxious because of the constant alarms.' It is noted that Avellino is only 16 miles north of Salerno. It was on the 9th September, just over a week from this correspondence being written, that Operation Avalanche was launched. The Allied landings near the port of Salerno heralded the invasion of Italy. There is no doubt that areas on the coast and set further back would have been 'softened up' in preparation for the landings. The Shroud of Turin: Fr. Cardin described the great secrecy with which the operation was carried out in Sept. 1939. The Shroud was secretly transported from Turin by way of Rome, to be placed below an altar in the Abbey of Montevergine near Avellino under the cover of night. The secret was kept throughout the war despite a search of the premises carried out by German soldiers in 1943 following a bombing of Avellino. The relic was protected, said Fr. Cardin, as, upon hearing of the coming of the soldiers, the monks retired to pray at the altar. 'An officer', he explained, 'seeing them in prayer, gave the order not to disturb (them) and that was how the sacred relic went undiscovered.' The Shroud was returned to Turin in 1946. Source: catholicnewsagency.com Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Officially stationery of Willi Brandes, stamp dealer in Berlin to a fellow collector. Featuring postage stamp sequence S127 from booklet sheet MHB 40. Ref: 17.12.1939 - 15/86 17th December 1936 Willi Brandes 17.12.1936 Willi Brandes cover.jpeg 17.12.1936 Willi Brandes cover.jpeg 1/1 Officially stationery of Willi Brandes, stamp dealer in Berlin to a fellow collector. Featuring postage stamp sequence S127 from booklet sheet MHB 40. Ref: 17.12.1939 - 15/86 Willi Brandes Image of Willi Brandes from the internet Further research required Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

5th September 1940 1/2 Cover sent from Bucharest to Bielefeld, Germany. With ABP Vienna censor tape and markings. Featuring stamp Mi.503 depicting King Carol II. Ref: 05.09.1940 - 1/11 Link to ABP Vienna

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8th August 1940 Dr. Carl Soldan G.M.B.H. 1/0 See 08.08.1940 - 24/2 Humour and agility. Every Thursday, he proclaims his motto: ‘Be vigilant and don't let up!’ The ‘after-sport’ comes into its own, just as it used to. We miss some of you. It would have been good if the comrades who are now being called up for their medical exams had also done sport! Incidentally, you will also be interested in this: These days we once again had a company roll call in the green area. Pg. Gensch-Berlin - a very skilful speaker - spoke to us. He liked us so much that he gave longer explanations than planned. Among other things, he pointed out that preparations were being made for the Reich Party Congress. On the whole, you could feel that everyone was excited and looking forward with confidence to the coming decisive events. What will England do? Will it begin its ‘strategic retreat’? Over 4.3 million GRT of merchant ships have already been sunk. Further bombing continues. Well, we'll see! By the way, did you have the opportunity to hear the Führer's truly triumphant entry into the Reich capital to the ringing of all the bells? It is a tremendous time! Today we close with the words: Long live the Führer! Sieg Heil! and kind regards! The works community of DR. CARL SOLDAN G.M.B.H. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

17th July 1943 Gerti Ober 17th July 1943 Gerti Ober 1/0 See 17.07.1943 Also add details of Sea Defence Zone 'Stravanger' Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

8th January 1937 Day of the Postage Stamp 8th January 1937 Day of the Postage Stamp 1/0

Cover sent from the practice of Dr. Deforth to an address in Berlin. Featuring stamp sequence W69 (from MHB 45 and H-pane 92). Ref: 20.09.1938 - 16/12 20th September 1938 Deforth & Scheuerbrand 20.09.1938 - 16_12 Dr. Deforth reverse.jpeg 20.09.1938 - 16_12 Dr. Deforth reverse.jpeg 1/1 Cover sent from the practice of Dr. Deforth to an address in Berlin. Featuring stamp sequence W69 (from MHB 45 and H-pane 92). Ref: 20.09.1938 - 16/12 The case of Otto Scheuerbrand and the involvement of Dr. Deforth In a message from the command of the Mauthausen concentration camp on 20th May 1944, the Scheuerbrand family received the news that their son Otto Scheuerbrand, born on June 8, 1917, had 'died of general physical deterioration in the local hospital.' The family can request the death certificate by sending the fee of Reichsmark 0.72 to the Mauthausen II registry office. His parents are Otto Johann Scheuerbrand and Philippine, née Stohner. Otto Scheuerbrand died at the age of 27. After the end of the war, the father submitted an application to the mayor of Ludwigshafen on 9th April 1946 and wanted to have his son recognised as a victim of fascism. The assessment and response of the criminal police on 7th May 1946 is very clear at this point: 'Scheuerbrand has to attribute it to his criminal misconduct that he was sent to a concentration camp. Scheuerbrand should not be viewed as a victim of fascism in the sense of the guidelines of the regional council.' Between October 1935 and June 1941, Otto Scheuerbrand came to the attention of the police and received previous convictions for begging, indecent acts and fornication with men. At the same time, from 1st September 1935, a tightening of the penal provisions for Section 175 RStGB (homosexual paragraph in the Reich Criminal Code) came into force. From now on, the term 'fornication' leads to a considerable expansion of the criminal offence. Criminal judges are also given scope to make discretionary decisions, which can be based on 'common sense of the people'. From this point onwards, there has been a huge increase in final convictions under Section 175. From 1942 onwards, Otto Scheuerbrand experienced a cruel odyssey through the Dachau, Flossenbürg and Mauthausen concentration camps. This was preceded by a conviction on 27th June 1941, in which he was sentenced to one year in prison by the Mannheim district court for causing sexual offence. After serving his sentence, Scheuerbrand was initially sent to the Dachau concentration camp for 'endangering public morals'. On 4th June 1943, his father wrote a courageous and help-seeking letter to the camp management and asked that his son be released and sent back home because he urgently needed their help to support his parents and his four sisters. He points out that he not only served his one-year sentence, but also spent another year in the camp and that atonement should have been made. What this file does not tell us is the fact that Otto Scheuerbrand was made sterile in the Ludwigshafen Municipal Hospital when he was just 17 years old. On 23rd May 1934, the city and school doctor Dr. Werner made a report, as a result of which Dr. Roeder has applied for infertility. The basis for this decision is the 'Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring', which took the entire family into account. Otto Scheuerbrand is spared nothing: he then has to undergo an intelligence test and face a non-public session of the hereditary health court at the Frankenthal district court. After secret consultations with the District Court Councilor Gerle, the district doctor Dr. Weiss and the specialist in nervous diseases Dr. Deforth , as assessor, Scheuerbrand is ordered to be sterilised, for which the state treasury bears the costs. There was an objection from the father for this meeting on 14th July 1934, which he withdrew on 19th October 1934. It remains to be assumed that this was not entirely voluntary. Two years after the news of his son's death, the father Otto Johann Scheuerbrand received a negative response to his request for recognition as a victim of fascism from the care center for victims of fascism - which was to be expected based on internal considerations. The justification emphasises that only those people who were imprisoned because of their political or religious views or for racial reasons would be compensated. Source: Monika Kleinschnitger writing for 'Ludwigshafen sets stumbling blocks eV'. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Envelope of the 'Hamburg-Amerika Linie' (HAPAG) sent from the passenger ship 'Deutschland'. Ref: 19.07.1938 19th July 1938 1/1 Envelope of the 'Hamburg-Amerika Linie' (HAPAG) sent from the passenger ship 'Deutschland'. Ref: 19.07.1938 a ' Deutschland' postcard from 1936 can be found here Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

4th January 1940 Mi.P288 1/0 See 20.04.1940 - 30/52 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page