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Mi.748-749 (25.07.1940) Eupen, Malmedy & Moresnet 1/1 Official postcard of the Reichskolonialbund, Berlin, depicting the shore-line at Dar es Salaam. Featuring postage stamp Mi.749 (12 Pf - Eupen) tied with special cancellation JB:Aussig2/52. Ref: 06.10.1940 Mi.748 - 749 Reintegration of Eupen, Malmedy and Moresnet. Notes: Engraving: Ernst Vogenauer . Photogravure printing. Sheets 5 x 10. Swastika watermark. Perf. 14. Quantity issued: unknown. Valid until 31.12.1941. Inscription on these stamps reads, 'Eupen-Malmedy again German'. Ernst Vogenauer Ernst Rudolf Vogenauer (1897 - 1972) was a German graphic artist. After World War I, he worked as a poster designer and a book illustrator. He also designed banknotes, postage stamps, wooden toys, and ceramics. Ernst Vogenauer studied in Munich during his early childhood and was a bright student of Fritz Helmut Ehmcke (1878–1965). At the same time, he worked for the Consee's art printing office in Munich. In 1921, he left Munich for a job at the National Printing Office in Berlin where he worked until World War II. He married his wife, Minna, in 1925, who a few years later had their first and only son. It was also at that time in the 1920s that he illustrated an edition of the Bavarian novel Der Wittiber (The Widower) by the German writer Ludwig Thoma (1867–1921). He was gifted in various artistic crafts. In spite of his respect for the Old Masters, he had an open mind about art and was attracted by futurism, cubism, and expressionism with regard to his official work for the National Printing Office of Berlin, and to avoid trouble, he often preferred to mark some of his private artistic works with the special signature 'Saturn'. His artistic friends were mainly Binder, Peter Kraemer (1896–1972), son of an American Bavarian painter also named Peter Kraemer and Carl Johann Rabus (1898–1983), a German expressionist painter. Carl Rabus made a self-portrait with Vogenauer (circa 1927 to 1937) titled: 'Zwei Freunde, Selbst mit Ernst Vogenauer' ('Two friends, Ernst Vogenauer and I'). Today this oil painting is in the private collection of Gerhard Schneider. After World War II, Vogenauer became an art teacher in the High Art School of Berlin-Weissensee, in East Germany. Ernst Rudolf Vogenauer was involved with German expressionism and participated in different international events such as the "First exhibition of modern art" in Bucharest. From 1946 to 1962 he worked as docent at the Berlin-Weissensee Art School (Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weissensee). Source: Wikipedia Mi.748 (6+4 Pf - Church of Saints, Peter, Paul & Quirinus, Malmedy). Ref: 31.07.1940 Mi.749 (12+8 Pf - Eupen). Ref: 20.08.1940 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

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24th March 1942 1/1

Officially stationery of Willi Brandes, stamp dealer in Berlin to a fellow collector. Featuring postage stamp sequence S127 from booklet sheet MHB 40. Ref: 17.12.1939 - 15/86 17th December 1936 Willi Brandes 17.12.1936 Willi Brandes cover.jpeg 17.12.1936 Willi Brandes cover.jpeg 1/1 Officially stationery of Willi Brandes, stamp dealer in Berlin to a fellow collector. Featuring postage stamp sequence S127 from booklet sheet MHB 40. Ref: 17.12.1939 - 15/86 Willi Brandes Image of Willi Brandes from the internet Further research required Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

16th August 1941 16th August 1941 1/1 Feldpost envelope sent from FPN12291 (RAD-Abteilung 2/41) to Landau, partially sealed using the lower left portion of 'Parole der Woche' Nr. 38 (1940). Ref: 16.08.1941 Further evidence of this Parole der Woche being used by the same soldier Used as a seal to the reverse of a feldpost envelope. Ref: 17.08.1941

Postcard depicting a scene from a female arbeitsdienstlager (possibly Osnabrück). Partially viewed, the flag is red with a white circle left of centre, in which a swastika is cradled by two ears of wheat. The flag signifies the Reichsarbeitsdienst der weiblichen Jugend – RAD/wJ - the Reich labour Service for young women. Ref: 10.08.1938 10th August 1938 RADwJ 10.08.1938 Female RAD reverse.jpeg 10.08.1938 Female RAD reverse.jpeg 1/1 Postcard depicting a scene from a female arbeitsdienstlager (possibly Osnabrück). Partially viewed, the flag is red with a white circle left of centre, in which a swastika is cradled by two ears of wheat. The flag signifies the Reichsarbeitsdienst der weiblichen Jugend – RAD/wJ - the Reich labour Service for young women. Ref: 10.08.1938 Reichsarbeitsdienst der weiblichen Jugend – RAD/wJ (The Reichs Labour Service section for young women) The Reich Labour Service ( Reichsarbeitsdienst ; RAD) was a major paramilitary organization established in Nazi Germany as an agency to help mitigate the effects of unemployment on the German economy, militarise the workforce and indoctrinate it with Nazi ideology. It was the official state labour service, divided into separate sections for men and women. From June 1935 onward, men aged between 18 and 25 may have served six months before their military service. During World War II, compulsory service also included young women, and the RAD developed to an auxiliary formation which provided support for the Wehrmacht armed forces. The RAD was divided into two major sections, one for men ( Reichsarbeitsdienst Männer – RAD/M ) and the voluntary, from 1939 compulsory, section for young women ( Reichsarbeitsdienst der weiblichen Jugend – RAD/wJ ). Source: Wikipedia The Labor Service for Female Youth (RADwJ) - like its more important counterpart for male youth - was designed from the outset as an instrument of power for the Nazi state. From 1935, young females, if 'Aryan' , were to be registered by the RAD and raised 'to become dutiful German citizens' during six-month stays in camps. Unlike the male RAD, however, the deployment initially remained voluntary. It was not until 4th September 1939 that compulsory military service was actually introduced for young women between the ages of 17 and 25. The women's labor service was also supposed to be the school of the nation, promote the formation of the national community and serve to develop a work ethic defined by the Nazis. Ultimately, the RADwJ also primarily pursued ideological goals, behind which productive work clearly took a back seat. The core of all efforts was and remained preparation for the appropriate role as wife and mother. Through the education of virtues such as commitment, dedication, obedience and perseverance, it was also possible to involve the young women in the implementation of the war of expansion without any apparent resistance. This was particularly true for the so-called 'Eastern operation'. During the course of the Second World War, the profile of the RADwJ changed significantly. The educational policy task that was the focus between 1936 and 1939 was increasingly replaced by missions that were necessary for the military economy from around 1941 onwards. Due to the compulsory service that had now been implemented, the RADwJ was the only organization into which entire - although not complete - cohorts of young women were drafted and were easily available through accommodation in camps. This created a working army of 'maidens' that, politically indoctrinated and closely monitored, could be used flexibly, especially from a war economic point of view. Source: jugend1918-1945.de Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

26th February 1946 Soviet Zone Mi.P16 26th February 1946 Soviet Zone Mi.P16 26.02.1946 Mi.P16 Soviet Zone reverse.jpeg 26.02.1946 Mi.P16 Soviet Zone reverse.jpeg 1/1 Official Soviet Zone 5 Pf postal stationery (Mi.P16 - imprint 'C154 L301'). Featuring various Soviet Zone (West Saxony) postage stamps (5 Pf - Mi.140, 6 Pf - Mi.141, 20 Pf - Mi.126. Ref: 26.02.1946 - 15/81, MPS431 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

20th April 1938 Adolf Hitler Screenshot 2021-11-27 at 09.29.50.png Screenshot 2021-11-27 at 09.29.50.png 1/1 Adolf Hitler (1889 -1945) See 20.04.1938 - 24/47 (Hitler head and shoulders in circle variation) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

11th November 1940 1/1 Official invitation to a hare-hunting event at Jagdschloß-Gaupark at Springe (Hannover). Featuring official 6 Pf postage stamp (Mi.135). These State hunting grounds were used by Hermann Göring. Ref: 11.11.1940 Link to Jagdschloß web site

14th December 1941 'Hein Godenwind' 14th December 1941 'Hein Godenwind' 14.12.1941 Hein Godenwind reverse.jpeg 14.12.1941 Hein Godenwind reverse.jpeg 1/1 Postcard depicting the 'Hein Godenwind'. the address to the reverse indicates the recipient, a woman, was part of the K.H.D. (Kriegshilfsdienst). Ref: 14.12.1941 Hien Godenwind The Hein Godenwind was a full-length ship built in 1902 at the French shipyard Chantiers et Ateliers de Penhoët in Saint-Nazaire as Maréchal Souchet . The ship was used as the first floating youth hostel in the port of Hamburg from 1933 to 1939. In July 1924 the ship was sold to Germany to the F. Laeisz shipping company in Hamburg and continued to be used as a cargo sailing vessel as Pellworm . The Pellworm was decommissioned in May 1925 and sold to the Syndikat shipping company. After being converted into a residential ship with space for 1200 people, it was used in the port of Hamburg. At the beginning of the 1930s, the Hamburg Port Operations Association took over the ship, which donated it to the Nordmark Gau of the Reich Association of German Youth Hostels in 1933. After another renovation by Blohm & Voss, it was put into service as a floating youth hostel on 8th April 1934 under the name Hein Godenwind . It provided accommodation for 514 people. At the beginning of 1939 the ship was placed under the control of the Hamburg Naval Office and used as an office ship. From November 1939 it served as a living ship for the crew of the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper , which required some modifications by Blohm & Voss. It then served again as an office ship and for supervising the construction of the battleship Bismarck . In 1942 it was subordinated to the 8th Warship Construction Training Department. During the air raids on Hamburg in the summer of 1943, the ship was hit on 25th July and caught fire. As a result, it sank to the bottom of the harbour basin. It was raised at the beginning of 1944 and the Hulk was taken to the Curonian Lagoon in February as a target ship for the German Luftwaffe. It was later sunk there during Luftwaffe exercises. Source: Wikipedia Kriegshilfsdienst (K.H.D.) At the beginning of the Second World War, the war relief service was introduced as a temporary measure for high school students. For example, students were used to distribute ration cards. On 29th July 1941, Hitler issued a decree on the 'Reich Labor Service of Female Youth' that women had to do an additional six months of military service in addition to the six months of Reich Labor Service. The work was paid 45 Reichsmarks per month. Officially, military service should be carried out at social institutions, in hospitals and with needy families, at authorities and at Wehrmacht offices. In fact, of the 50,000 women recruited in the winter of 1942/43, 30,000 worked in transport companies and the armaments industry. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Cinemas and Film Production Cinemas and Film Production Screenshot 2021-11-27 at 09.29.50.png Screenshot 2021-11-27 at 09.29.50.png 1/1 Cinemas and Film Production CINEMAS Capitol - Lichtspiel-Theater, Heidelberg FILMS 1933 Hitlerjunge Quex SERVICES Delta - Film copying centre, Berlin Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Spanish Civil War Leaders & Personalities Spanish Civil War Leaders & Personalities 1/1 Postcard depicting Francisco Franco in a three-quarter length pose. The card was sent during the Spanish Civil War from Zaragoza to an address in Bologna, Italy. Ref: 14.10.1937 Spanish Civil War LEADERS & PERSONALITIES Francisco Franco (1892-1975). Link to further information. José Antonio Primo de Rivera (1903-1936). The caption reads, 'Our stand is in the open air under the clear night, gun at arm's length and the stars overhead...' Ref: 16/52 José Antonio Primo de Rivera (1903 - 1936), 1st Duke of Primo de Rivera, 3rd Marquess of Estella, often referred to simply as José Antonio, was a Spanish fascist politician who founded the Falange Española ('Spanish Phalanx'), later Falange Española de las JONS. On 14th March 1936, he was arrested in Madrid and charged with illegal possession of firearms (at that time, Spain was awash in privately held weapons on the part of all political factions). Nine weeks later he was transferred to the prison in Alicante. In both Madrid and in Alicante, he was able to maintain intermittent secret contact with the Falange leadership and, several times, with General Emilio Mola. On 3rd October he was charged with conspiracy against the Republic and military insurrection, both capital offences, even though he had been imprisoned long before the insurrection of 18th July. Primo de Rivera conducted his own defence. On 18th November he was found guilty by a people's tribunal and sentenced to death by firing squad. The three career judges who participated in the trial, along with the popular tribunal, asked for the death sentence be commuted to life imprisonment but this was rejected by the majority of government ministers (the two ministers from Izquierda Republicana voted against the death sentence). The sentence was carried out on 20th November by local authorities in Alicante. It is said by some that the Republic offered the Nationalists a prisoner exchange involving Primo de Rivera and a son of the Republic's head of government Francisco Largo Caballero and that Franco turned down the offer. Others contend that it was the Republican government who rejected the deal of the Nationalists and that General Franco approved several failed commando raids on the Alicante prison to try to rescue José Antonio. Either way the death of the founder of Falange rid the general of a formidable rival. Perhaps tellingly, it was well known that the two men disliked each other. After one of the two meetings they had, Franco dismissed José Antonio as 'a playboy pinturero' (a foppish playboy). Elizabeth Bibesco's last novel, The Romantic , published in 1940, starts with a dedication to José Antonio Primo de Rivera, whom she had known during her stay in Madrid where her husband, Prince Antoine Bibesco, was a diplomat from Romania in Spain between 1927 and 1931: 'To José Antonio Primo de Rivera. I promised you a book before it was begun. It is yours now that it is finished – Those we love die for us only when we die–'. Source: Wikipedia Enrique Marzo Balaguer (1875-1947). Ref: 16/51 Enrique Marzo Balaguer (1875 - 1947) was a Spanish soldier and politician, Minister of the Interior during the Dictablanda of General Dámaso Berenguer. Balaguer was promoted to Brigadier General in 1918 and Lieutenant General in 1926. He held the position of Captain General of the Balearic Islands when he was appointed Minister of the Interior on 30th January 1930. He held the position in the cabinet of General Dámaso Berenguer until the 25th November of the same year, when he was replaced by Leopoldo Matos y Massieu. He died on 18th April 1947. Source: Wikipedia Further research required as to Balaguer's involvement in the Spanish Civil War Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page