Photographers Photographers 1/1 Postcard depicting a head and shoulders portrait of Heinz Guderian as photographed by Tita Binz. Fef: 17.11.1944 Photographers Directory Photo-Porst series photographers: Emil Lau (see 26/84) , Tita Binz (1903-1970) Tita Binz was born as Juanita Ladewig in Frankfurt am Main in 1903. Binz was the daughter of the chemist Prof. Arthur Binz and his wife, the writer Juanita Reutlinger. In 1911, her family moved to Berlin. During her school years Tita was already fascinated by photography. From 1928 till 1930, she did an apprenticeship in Paris at the photo studio of her uncle, the famous photographer Léopold Reutlinger. The renowned Reutlinger Studio was opened in 1850 and had become one of the most prestigious photo studios internationally since then. Later, Binz settled in Berlin. She first earned her living as an assistant in photo studios, but in 1938 she opened her own studio, Foto Binz, located on the chic Kurfürstendamm. Her studio had five employees. From the start, Foto Binz specialised in portrait photography. Tita Binz portrayed actors, scientists, artists as Käthe Kollwitz, authors, but also military and politicians. The newspaper Berliner Tageblatt praised her for 'her talent to show the personality of the person she portrayed'. One of the first clients of Foto Binz was the publisher Film-Foto-Verlag, formerly Ross Verlag. Since 1937, Ross Verlag was no longer in the control of its Jewish founder, Heinrich Ross. The National Socialists had forced Ross out through their Arisierung (Aryanization) program (no Jews could own a business.) Interestingly enough, the Nazis retained the Ross Verlag name until 1941, next to the new name Film-Foto-Verlag. Film-Foto-Verlag became known for its postcards of film stars who figured in the German and also in the fascist Italian cinema during the years just before and during World War II. Tita Binz was also asked by Film-Foto-Verlag to portray soldiers who were holders of the Ritterkreuz (the Knight's Cross) for their R series of military propaganda postcards. The Nazi regime needed more propaganda and therefore the R series was started in 1939. At his blog, Pantorijn writes: “It is at this point that two different worlds seem to run together at least in pictures. The actor, the hero of the silver screen and the soldier, the hero of the theatre of war were both raised in the same way. (…) it was not only the image itself but also the design of the postcard that ensured that these two worlds together began to look like one another. It was decided that the lay-out for actors also had to be used for the knight cross bearers.” Pantorijn illustrates this with the example of film star Hannes Stelzer, a popular Ufa hero during the Nazi period. In 1941 he starred as a Luftwaffe pilot in the propaganda film Stukas (1941). Director of the film was Luftwaffe Major Karl Ritter and director and star worked five times together. Binz did never photograph the Waffen-SS. Pantorijn: 'This might be due to the fact that she was friends with Hans Oster, a convinced opponent of the Nazi regime. She knew by that friendship also the 'conspirators' Erwin von Witzleben and Erich Hoepner who she portrayed all three. These pictures were not made for Film-Foto-Verlag.' Immediately after World War II ended in 1945, Tita Binz left Berlin. Until 1949, she lived and worked in Heidelberg. That year, she moved to Mannheim. Tita Binz died in 1970 in Mannheim at the age of 67. In the collection of the Deutsches Historisches Museum (DHM) are her portraits of Konrad Adenauer, Luise Rinser, Viktor de Kowa, Otto Hahn, Gustav Heinemann, Theodor Heuss, and many other celebrities. ( Source: filmstarpostcards.blogspot.com ) Images within the Brief History collection include : Heinz Guderian (General of WWII) , Gertrude Fuld (1895-1996) Hans Retzlaff (1899-1989) In 1929, when the trained banker Hans Retzlaff lost his job as a result of the Great Depression, he turned to photography, a skill he taught himself. Following initial activity as a photojournalist in Berlin, he specialized in ethnological subjects for which he travelled throughout Germany and the neighbouring countries. He marketed his photos on a mass scale in the form of postcards he published himself and in magazines such as Atlantis: Länder, Völker, Reisen. Starting in 1933 he also published photo books, among them Bildnis eines deutschen Bauernvolkes: Die Siebenbürger Sachsen (Portrait of a German Peasantry: The Transylvanian Saxons, 1934), Das Burgenland: Deutsche Grenze im Südosten (Burgenland: Germany’s South-Eastern Frontier, 1939), and Arbeitsmaiden am Werk (Labour Service Girls at Work, 1940). He placed his photos at the service of National Socialist propaganda. His portrait series of craftspersons and other groups of the population are deliberate manifestations of the racial-ideological conception of a biologically determined community. Along with other photographers such as Heinrich Hoffmann, Erna Lendvai-Dircksen, and Walter Hege, Retzlaff was also involved in the making of the inflammatory pamphlet Der Untermensch (The Subhuman). His Berlin studio and archive were destroyed by bombing in 1945. In the post-war period he founded an image archive for art and culture in Tann in the Rhön Mountains. Source: sammlung.staedelmuseum.de Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

4th March 1942 Cartolina Postale 04.03.1942 Italian map of Europe reverse.jpeg 04.03.1942 Italian map of Europe reverse.jpeg 1/1 CARTOLINA POSTALE PER LE FORZE ARMATE. Censored Italian postcard depicting a map of Europe, including North Africa, the Middle East and parts of Russia (dealer reference: 30A FM/12, Posta Militare 167, Brindisi). Ref: 04.03.1942 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

31st July 1937 Barlog 1476 & 8712 31st July 1937 Barlog 1476 & 8712 1/1 Barlog cartoon postcard depicting a group of soldiers in the canteen together with a humorous 'Magenfahrplan'. Bestell-Nr.1476 (without grey shaded background). Note: Research barracks at Wahn. Ref: 31.07.1937 The caption reads: Translation required VARIATION Variation of Bestell-Nr.1476. Identical image with the added grey shaded background. Bestell-Nr.8712. Ref: 31.10.1940 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

29th December 1933 1/3 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

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Mi.7-33 (Dec 1945) Mi.7-33 (Dec 1945) Strausberg 'Private Creation' - Mi.9 I - 4pf overprint on Mi.820 (Mi.9 I = overprint bar 4.5mm nor 6mm). Ref: 30.03.1946 Strausberg 'Private Creation' - Mi.18 - overprint on Mi.892. Ref: 30.03.1946 Strausberg 'Private Creation' - Mi.25 - overprint on Mi.818. Ref: 17.12.1945 Strausberg 'Private Creation' - Mi.9 I - 4pf overprint on Mi.820 (Mi.9 I = overprint bar 4.5mm nor 6mm). Ref: 30.03.1946 1/3 Strausberg 'Private Creations'. Main image: Mi.7 - 1pf on Mi.900. Ref:., gallery images Mi.8-33.

Propaganda postcard depicting a Nazi sun shining upon the cityscape of Vienna. The cachet to the reverse reads, 'Der führer in Wien'. Ref: 11.04.1938 11th April 1938 Der führer in Wien 1/1 Propaganda postcard depicting a Nazi sun shining upon the cityscape of Vienna. The cachet to the reverse reads, 'Der führer in Wien'. Ref: 11.04.1938 Pathé News reel of Adolf Hitler in Vienna 1938 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

5th January 1945 Feldpostprüfstelle Closure 5th January 1945 Feldpostprüfstelle Closure 05.01.1945 Closer and rectangular stamp.jpeg 05.01.1945 Closer and rectangular stamp.jpeg 1/1 Feldpost cover sent from FPN 01556 (Regimentsstab und Pionier-Kompanie Jäger-Regiment 204 - date too late?). Featuring a green rectangular hand-stamp (79 x 23mm) to the reverse stating 'Dienststelle F.p. Nr. 39154' - Feldpostprufstelle Panzer-AOK 1. With 28mm feldpost closure tape. Ref: 05.01.1945, MFP1/123 'Feldpostprüfstelle' Closure Tape (Verschlußstreifen) variations (Ref: MFP1/123) Feldpostprüfstelle - Grey/black on white/grey - 30mm tape - 25.5 x 24mm circle, 'Geöffnet' 27.5mm. Ref: 01.01.1942 See 28.04.1941 - 25/82. 29.5mm tape 25 x 24mm circle Geöffnet 27mm (similar to above) Feldpostprüfstelle - Grey/violet on white/grey - 30mm tape - 25 x 24mm circle, 'Geöffnet' 27mm. Ref: 22.03.1943 Feldpostprüfstelle - Violet on cream - 28mm tape - 26 x 24mm circle, 'Geöffnet' 28mm. Poorly printed example most likely due to worn printing plates in 1944/45. Ref: 05.01.1945 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.751-759 (05.11.1940) Buildings 25.11.1940 Polish Cover reverse.jpeg 25.11.1940 Polish Cover reverse.jpeg 1/1 Cover sent from Munster Lager to Salzhausen, featuring five stamps from the WHW - Buildings issue (Mi.751, 752, 755, 757 and 758). Ref: 25.11.1940 - 14/12 next stamp issue Mi.751 - Artushof, Danzig (Ref: 06.05.1941) Mi.751 with sheet number (Ref: 12.01.1941 - 25/102) Mi.752 - City Hall, Thorn (Ref: 31.01.1941 - 9/21) Mi.753 - Pfalz by Kaub (Ref: 25.11.1940 - 14/12) Mi.755 - Heidelberg Castle (Ref: 25.11.1940 - 14/12) Mi.756 - Porta Nigra, Trier (Ref:28.05.1941 - 4/72) Mi.757 - New German Theatre, Prague (Ref: 14.05.1941) Mi.758 - City Hall, Bremen (Ref: 30.12.1940 - 30/24) Contact Brief History to inform us of additonal information regarding this page

9th December 1942 1/0 Feldpost cover from FPN L 32222 (Luftgaupostamt Münster II) to a recipient in Vienna. Featuring the lesser seen Bochmann JB:395/840. Ref: 09.12.1942 Bochmann JB:395/840 "Der gute Brief"/ fordet/ deutliche und voll ständige/ Angabe des/ Empfängers und Absenders "The good letter"/ demands/ clear and complete/ indication of the/ recipient and sender Cancellation used between 19th October 1942 and 5th January 1943 in four German cities and towns; Bielefeld, Herford, Münster, and Recklinghausen.

Commercial postcard sent from food manufacturer 'Nestle' in Berlin. 8th January 1934 Nestle 08.01.1934-nestle-reverse.jpeg 08.01.1934-nestle-reverse.jpeg 1/1 Commercial postcard sent from food manufacturer 'Nestle' in Berlin. Nestle Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of the 'Anglo-Swiss Milk Company', which was established in 1866 by brothers George and Charles Page, and 'Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé' founded in 1867 by Henri Nestlé. The company grew significantly during World War I and again following World War II, expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products. Nestlé felt the effects of the Second World War immediately. Profits dropped from US$20 million in 1938 to US$6 million in 1939. Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America. Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, Nescafé ('Nestlé's Coffee'), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy. Commercial cover sent from Nestle to an address in Mannheim. Circa 1946/47. Ref: 16/66 The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with Maggi, a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. Source: Wikipedia Food giant Nestle said Monday it is paying 25m Swiss francs ($14.6m) into a settlement with Holocaust survivors and Jewish organisations to meet possible claims over use of slave labor during World War II. 'It is either certain or it may be assumed that some corporations of the Nestle Group that were active in countries controlled by the National Socialist (Nazi) regime employed forced labourers,' the group said in a statement. It said it would contribute to a $1.25bn settlement agreed by Switzerland's two largest banks. 'Nestle expects this contribution to cover all possible legal claims that might be raised against it both in Switzerland and abroad,' the statement added. Nestle companies operating in Germany and Austria will make voluntary contributions to those countries' foundations to compensate slave labourers, it said, but did not specify amounts. Some Swiss companies allegedly used slave labour in German subsidiaries or subsequently took over implicated German companies. Nestle has said that, in 1947, it acquired a company that had used forced labor in the Nazi era. Under huge pressure, the two banks - Credit Suisse and UBS AG - reached their out-of-court settlement in August 1998. This provided for the release of all claims not only against the two banks but also against the Swiss government, the central bank, other commercial banks and Swiss industry. But when U.S. District Judge Edward Korman approved the settlement 26th July, he stated that 'those Swiss entities that seek releases (from slave labour claims) are directed to identify themselves ... within 30 days.' Switzerland's main employers' organisation urged any company which might have used Nazi forced labour to come forward. Nestle said that it in many instances did not own the corporations involved at the time and was often unable to 'exercise effective control' over those it did. 'As the legal successor of such corporations, Nestle nevertheless accepts its moral responsibility to help alleviate human suffering,' the company said. Source: independent.co.uk (28th August 2000) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

STALAGS STALAGS 1/1 STALAGS Directory of Prisoner of War camps operated by the German authorities for enlisted soldiers (also see Oflags - camps for Officers) Front Stalags 100 - 368 POW camps I - V POW camps VI - X POW camps XI - XIII POW camps XVII - XXI POW camps 39 - 398 Stalag Luft Camps Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page