Stamps of Norway Stamps of Norway 1/0 Norway - stamps within the Brief History collection See 18.08.1934 - 24/18 See 17.05.1943 - 25/17 (5ø & 40ø) See 17.02.1941 - 33/83 (20ø & 25ø) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

ABP Berlin: Closures (BV) 02.12.1940 to Iran cover.jpeg 02.12.1940 to Iran cover.jpeg 1/1 Cover sent from Berlin to an address in Tehran, Iran. Featuring closure tape HL:BV3.1/54 (and a feint example of machine stamp HL:BPM1.1). ref: 02.12.1940 Links to - Hand Stamps - Machine Stamps - Pass-Through Stamps - Closures - Misc. ABP Berlin Closures (Verschlüsse) and variations BV2.2 (mail from Oslo) - see 33/83 BV3.1 /54 Closure Tape - black on off-white - 30mm - 25 x 25mm circle - 'Geöffnet' 27mm BV3.2 - see 32/48 BV3.3 - see 25/17 Ribbed tape seals BVB1.1 - see 33/69 Text applied to ribbed tape seals BPV1.1 (red) - see 33/69 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

ABP Paris (XD, XV, XP) 23.02.1944 Arado reverse.jpeg 23.02.1944 Arado reverse.jpeg 1/1 Commercial cover sent through the feldpost system from 'Arado Flugzeugwerke, Paris to a firm in Rackwitz. Featuring an 'A.x.' pass-through hand-stamp (HL:XD1.1/326). Ref: 23.02.1944 ABP Paris XD1.1 - Pass-Through hand-stamp - 19mm - Red - Ref: 23.02.1944 XP6.2 - Hand-stamp - see 33/77, 33/80 XV1.1 - Closure - 30mm - Chamois. Ref: 06.03.1943 XV1.1 - Closure - 30mm - Grey/White. Ref: 26.03.1943 XV1.1. (grey) - also see 33/80 Blue ink brush stroke - see 33/77 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

2nd September 1943 POW Camp 28, Yol 2nd September 1943 POW Camp 28, Yol 1/1 Cover sent from Rome to an Italian POW (via Bombay) in Camp 28, Yol, northern India. Featuring Italian and British censors (and what looks like German red numbered hand stamps and ribbed closure tape - DVB1.4). Note that there has been a postage stamp revoved (upper right edge), most likely by the British censors in India looking for hidden messages. The date on the Italian cancellation is the day before the Italian surrender to the Allies - the Armistice of Cassibile. Ref: 02.09.1943 - 33/79 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

POW Camps in India POW Camps in India 07.10.1944 Bombay Censor DP4.7 reverse.jpeg 07.10.1944 Bombay Censor DP4.7 reverse.jpeg 1/1 Letter-sheet sent from Italy to Camp 26, Yol, India. Ref: 07.10.1944 POW Camps in India Camps 1 to 8 Group I – Bangalore: Italian prisoners Camp 3 - See 02.05.1942 - 32/45 Camps 9 to 16 Group II – Bhopal: Italian prisoners. Camp 16 was a hospital Camps 17 to 20 Group III – Ramgarh: German Civil Internees and later Italian prisoners. Had a punishment camp for difficult Italian pows Camps 21 to 24 Group IV - Clement Town (Dehradun): Separated in Wings 1: pro-Nazi, 2: anti-Nazi, 3: Italians. One of the camps was a Central Internment Camp Camps 25 to 28 Group V – Yol: Italian prisoners Camp 26 , Camp 27 , Camp 28 Camp 29 Group VI – Bikaner: Japanese prisoners. It was also a punishment camp for difficult Italian pows Central Internment Camp (Dehradun/ Premnagar) Mixed civilian internment and prisoner-of-war camp. Italian prisoners of war and German civilian internees housed in separate camps. Wing 1 and Wong 6 held German internees Delhi Japanese Camp: Delhi housed the Japanese prisoners captured in Burma Deoli DCivil Internment Camp: Deoli housed German civilian internees and Japanese civilian internees. It was also a punishment colony for Germans. Link to an excellent website detailing the currency coupons issued by each cam p Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

7th October 1944 POW Camp 26, Yol 7th October 1944 POW Camp 26, Yol 07.10.1944 Bombay Censor DP4.7 reverse.jpeg 07.10.1944 Bombay Censor DP4.7 reverse.jpeg 1/1 Letter-sheet with printed title, 'POSTA PER PRIGIONIERI E INTERNATI CIVILI DI GUERRA'. Sent from Schio in Italy to 'C/o G.P.O. Bombay' to be forwarded to Camp 26, Yol, in India. Featuring less common German censor (HL:DP4.7), ABP Munich. Ref: 07.10.1944 Link to the Wikipedia page concerning the Schio Massacre of 6-7 July 1945 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

28th September 1942 POW Camp 27, Yol 1/1 Camp 27 - Sent from Yol (via Bombay) and forwarded to an address in Montona (Istria), now Motovun (central Istria, Croatia). Ref: 28.09.1942. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Yol is a neighbourhood of Dharmshala city in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is famous for its military history. The town gets its name from YOL (Young Officers Living), a small town established by British Indian Army around 1849. The Yol Cantt. (cantonment) was built in 1942. Formerly it was known as "majhaitha" village. Yol is the headquarters of the 9 Corps of Indian Army. Yol was the location of a Prisoner-of-war camp which hosted German soldiers in the First World War and Italian soldiers in the Second World War. Frogman Elios Toschi, a member of the pre-Armistice Decima Flottiglia MAS and inventor of the "maiale", was one of the very few to escape from the camp. After the war, the former POW facility hosted ethnic Tibetan refugees from China. Dharamshala (also spelled Dharamsala) is a town in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It serves as the winter capital of the state and the administrative headquarters of the Kangra district since 1855. The town also hosts the Tibetan Government-in-exile. Dharamshala was a municipal council until 2015, when it was upgraded to a municipal corporation. (Source: Wikipedia) Notes on Istria Istria formed part of Italy between 1919-1947. Although a member of the Central Powers, Italy remained neutral at the start of WWI, and soon launched secret negotiations with the Triple Entente, bargaining to participate in the war on its side, in exchange for significant territorial gains. To get Italy to join the war, the secret 1915 Treaty of London the Entente promised Italy Istria and parts of Dalmatia, South Tyrol, the Greek Dodecanese Islands, parts of Albania and Turkey, plus more territory for Italy's North Africa colonies. After the war, Italy annexed Istria. Istria's political and economic importance declined under Italian rule, and after the fascist takeover of Italy in 1922 the Italian government began a campaign of forced Italianisation. In 1926, the use of Slavic languages in schools and government was banned, even Slavic family names were Italianised to suit the fascist authorities. Slavic newspapers and libraries were closed, all Slavic cultural, sporting, business and political associations were banned. As a result, 100,000 Slavic-speakers left Italian-annexed areas in an exodus, moving mostly to Yugoslavia. The organisation TIGR, founded in 1927 by young Slovene liberal nationalists from Gorizia region and Trieste and regarded as the first armed antifascist resistance group in Europe soon penetrated into Slovene and Croatian-speaking parts of Istria. In World War II, Istria became a battleground of competing ethnic and political groups. Istrian nationalist groups which were pro-fascist and pro-Allied and Yugoslav-supported pro-communist groups fought with each other and the Italian army. After the German withdrawal in 1945, Yugoslav partisans gained the upper hand and began a violent purge of real or suspected opponents in an 'orgy of revenge'. Source: Wikipedia (2024) Further correspondence and stationery related to Camp 27 Camp 27 - Postcard (138 x 85mm), with pre-printed address panel, sent to an address in Trieste, Italy. Ref: 08.08.1943 - 33/58 Envelope (with correspondence enclosed) sent from Enna in Sicily to a POW held at Yol Camp 27. Featuring various censor hand-stamps and a censor tape (text length 80mm). Ref: 27.01.1944 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

ABP Vienna: Misc. 1/0 Links to - Hand Stamps - Machine Stamps - Pass-Through Stamps - Closures - Misc. ABP Vienna Miscellaneous Blue ink secret writing test See 33/76 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

ABP Cologne: Closures (CV) 1/0 Cover sent from Werkheim Nord I 2/132, Dessau. Featuring German censor Tape - HL:CV2.3 (less common). Ref: 10.06.1942 - 13/13 Links to - Hand Stamps - Machine Stamps - Pass-Through Stamps - Closures - Misc. ABP Cologne Closures (Verschlüsse) and variations Smooth paper seals Closure reference CV2.3/103 (less common). Ref: 10.06.1942 CV3.2 - See 23.01.1942 - 32/49 Ribbed tape seals CV1.2 (without 'OKW' text) - see 33/73 Text applied to ribbed tape seals Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

FELDPOST DIRECTORY FELDPOST DIRECTORY 1/1 FELDPOST DIRECTORY Link to Feldpost Stamps Link to Feldpost Numbers (FPN's) of the Heer, Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe, as found within the Brief History collection CANCELLATION DIRECTORY The numerous variations of feldpost cancellations Specific to a country: Netherlands , Beutelfahnen Postal bag/sack labels Calendar Feldpost envelope calendars (with links to year of calendar) Censorship Feldpostzensuren Feldpostprüfstelle closure variations - see 32/53, 33/74 Feldpostprüfstelle hand-stamps - see 33/74 Feldpostämter Feldpost office numbers 100 - 999 'Feldpost' - 'Briefstempel ' hand-stamps The variations of 'Feldpost' and 'Briefstempel' upon a circular hand-stamp 'Feldpost' hand-stamps The variations of the word 'Feldpost' (usually applied to an envelope) 'Feldpost' labels The variations of the word 'Feldpost' (often with red background), upon a small adhesive label Feldpostkarte Miene Postanschrift für Postsendungen jeglicher Art lautet - Feldpost number notification - see 05.09.1939 - 33/30 'Silhoutte' series (lower left + iron cross). See 27/97 & 32/39 (Stuka) Feldpostprüfstelle Tape closures used by the censor office Reckteckstempel (rectangular hand-stamps) used with tape closures Letters Typewritten correspondence to and from soldiers sent via feldpost PSST ( P ost s ammel st elle) Feldpost Collecting Station cancellations Publishers (Verlag) Directory Shilder , Breslau - see 32/66 (Quote #13 ) R-Label Registered letter label variations Rechteckstempel Rectangular 'Feldpost' hand-stamps with date information etc. V-Label 'Value Déclarée' label variations Vorbindezettel Pre-tie labels Zurück Returned mail due to incorrect Feldpost Number (FPN) ' Empfänger gellen...' ( Return, recipient fallen for Greater Germany) 'Zurück-entlassen/ Neue Abschrift abwarten' Zurück - Neue Anschrift abwarten' variations - see 27/18 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

ABP Cologne: Misc. 1/0 Links to - Hand Stamps - Machine Stamps - Pass-Through Stamps - Closures - Misc. ABP Cologne Miscellaneous Blue ink secret writing test See 33/73 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

ABP Cologne: Pass-Through 1/0 Links to - Hand Stamps - Machine Stamps - Pass-Through Stamps - Closures - Misc. ABP Cologne Pass-Through Stamps (Handdurchlaufstempel) and variations