2nd October 1937 SCW - Zaragoza 2nd October 1937 SCW Zaragoza Spanish Civil War. Cover sent from Zaragoza to the 'Wiener Caffe' in Lucerne. Featuring postage stamps Mi.775 (50 c.), together with a Zaragoza censor. Ref: 02.10.1937 Zaragoza Zaragoza also known in English as Saragossa, is the capital city of the province of Zaragoza and the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributaries, the Huerva and the Gállego, roughly in the centre of both Aragon and the Ebro basin. The July 1936 coup d'état (with Gen. Miguel Cabanellas, Col. Monasterio, Urrutia, Sueiro, Major Cebollero and Gen.Gregorio de Benito at the centre of the Mola-led conspiracy in Zaragoza) triumphed in the city. After the military uprising in Africa on 17th July, [see Melilla] the military command easily attained its objectives in Zaragoza in the early morning of 19th July, despite the city's status as a stronghold of organised labour (mostly CNT anarcho-syndicalists but also UGT trade unionists), as the civil governor critically refused to give weapons to the people in time. Many refugees, including members of the provincial committees of parties and unions, fled to Caspe, the capital of the territory of Aragon, which was still controlled by the Republic. Thus, as one of the two big cities under Rebel control since the early stages of the Spanish Civil War (along with Seville), Zaragoza profited from an increasing industrial production vis-à-vis the war economy, playing a key role for the Francoist faction as ammunition manufacturer. The General Military Academy, a higher training center of the Spanish Army, was re-established on 27 September 1940 by José Enrique Varela, the Francoist Minister of the Army. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

20th March 1937 20th March 1937 Katasteramt Nassau an der Lahn Reply postcard sent from the Land Registry in Nassau an der Liahn to an address in Singhofen. Featuring official 3 Pf postage stamps (Mi.132). The card is folded at the centre with reply card attached. Ref: 20.03.1937 Reply card (as attached) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

30th May 1937 30th May 1937 Parkfest Heidenau Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

20th November 1937 20th November 1937 Princess Letter 32 20th November 1937 Sarvar to 27 Queen Square, Bath Dear Madeleine! Thank you very much for the film papers. I enjoyed studying them very much. They arrived just in the right moment. As I was laying in bed with a bad cold and felt bored with everything. The others all went out to the shooting. And I felt angry with everything. But these magazines helped me to do away with the rest of that dull afternoon. Now I am up again and run about. Although my nose is still full and I have a cough. But at a certain time of the year everybody must go through colds. Mary D’Arcy is just now laying in bed with a cold, but she will get up for lunch. We shall be very lonely when she goes next Monday. We had a marvellous time during the shootings, the castle full of guests and during the shootings we went out and watched them. Deidi and her husband are here since the 30th October, but I am very sorry they are leaving 22nd November. They are going back over Paris again. Lucky Deidi to travel and see so much of the world. Her husband is great fun. We play ping-pong with him after every meal. He might grow too fat!!! While Deidi is thin and pale. But they are very happy and very much in love. The best film I saw was Camille. But I didn’t like Greta Garbo very much. It was the first time I saw her. In the last scene where Camille is dying, her acting was very good. I’m not very fond of Robert Taylor, he is too sweet and weak. Yesterday was Mammi’s feast and we had a gypsy band who played during lunch. I love the Hungarian music. Do you ever listen to radio Budapest. They generally have gypsy’s playing at 5 or 6 o’clock in the evening. Did you ever hear “There is but one beautiful girl in the world”, which is recited Baroness Orczi’s “Pimpernel and Rosemary”. Do read the book too. It is very true. I often hear people tell me the same stories which happen to all Hungarians living in Roumania. There is another Hungarian song I love extremely, it is called Gloomy Sunday. I found the English text in an English paper. It runs like this. “Sunday is gloomy My hours are slumberless Dearest the shadows I live with are numberless Little white flowers will never awaken you Where the black coach of sorrow has taken you Angels don’t think of ever returning you Would they be angry if I thought of joining you Gloomy Sunday” It is rather sad, and I must warn you not to listen too much to it. There are a great many people who committed suicide in listening to it. So beware! I hope you don’t think that I have gone quite mad by reciting all sorts of poetry. But I really don’t know what to do. Did I ever write to you about the place we are living? It has got rather a long history and a ghost haunting and so on. But nobody did meet the ghost yet. I shall write all about it in my next letter. But that won’t come until I get a nice and long letter of you. Writing letters, reading and knitting is my pastime here. It is a shame I don’t receive as many letters as I write. Good-bye for today and I do hope to have a letter of you very very soon. Much love Loll Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

11th January 1937 11th January 1937 Modern Buildings Wine Cover sent from Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen. Featuring stamps from the WHW Modern Buildings booklet (W111, W115, S243). Contained within the envelope were two wine labels Wine labels contained within the envelope Label for a 1934 Bodenheimer Ebersberg. Ref: 11.01.1937 Label for a 1921 St. Emilion. Ref: 11.01.1937 Postcard sent from Gebrüder Jonas G.m.b.H, Weingrosshandlung. Ref: 17.05.1932 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

19th July 1937 19th July 1937 Princess Letter 23 19th July 1937 Leutstetten to 27 Queen Square, Bath Dear Madeleine! Please excuse my not writing and thank you so much for the book. I think it is a little late to thank you now but I had to learn very much. No at last I have my holidays. Unfortunately I have not yet finished all I wanted to learn. But at least I Didi as much as I could. I think I learned more in these three months than I learned generally in six. When do you leave for Germany, and will you come to Munich. We all hope so much that you’ll come to see us here. We could make some small towns with you and show you parts of our dear Bavaria. If you are going to Lindau you really should come here, it is not very far and then you would see Deidi’s fiancée, who would surely be here, and lots of nice things. Deidi has to go to town every day to buy her trousseau and to try on some dresses and to try on some shoes etc etc. She’ll get Mammi’s wedding dress which is of Tull and Spitzen. When she tried it on she looked just like Mammi did only her hair is a little fairer. We have seen some nice pictures in Munich, this was called “The Life of Lord Clive’ with Loretta Young and R. Coleman did you see it already? Muck has seen “The Texas Rangers” and then we saw still some German films. Unfortunately there is no opera now, we saw only two theatres. In the end of August I think there will be the “Mozart Festspeile” they are every year, they are very good and there are always lots of English people coming to hear them. Muck, Loll and me are going to stay about a fortnight at our aunts in Wildenwart near the Chiemsee we will be here again at the end of the month. We like very much to go there. Unfortunately it is not situated quite near the lake and the aunts haven’t got any car, but an uncle lives not far away with his children and we hope that they’ll take us for bathing. I’m sending you a picture of the Silver Jubilee of our parents. I think Deidi wrote you about it. It was very nice and amusing. There is Pierre-Henri also on it. Yours very sincerely, Baby Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

4th December 1937 4th December 1937 WHW Bremen Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

17th August 1937 SCW - Tenerife 17th August 1937 SCW Tenerife Spanish Civil War. Postcard sent from Tenerife to an address in Scotland. Featuring a military censor hand-stamp for 'Santa Cruz de Tenerife'. Ref: 17.08.1937 Santa Cruz de Tenerife General Francisco Franco was not made the Military Governor of the Canary Islands in March 1936 without reason. He was a thorn in the flesh of the newly elected republican government in Madrid. So some bright spark thought of sending him out of harm’s way to the far flung Canary Islands. Franco chose Tenerife as his headquarters. He spent the next few months, if not dodging bullets, at least wary of assassination. In the meantime the anarchists and communists of the republican movement had turned against the Catholic Church and acts of vandalism against the churches were increasing throughout Spain. Over lunch at Simpsons-in-the-Strand in Piccadilly, Douglas Jerrold, the Conservative Roman Catholic editor of the English Review met with a fellow journalist, Luis BolÃn, London correspondent of the monarchist ABC newspaper of Madrid. They were hatching a daring plot. Speed was of the essence. Jerrold knew of just the man to carry this out. Major Hugh Pollard had retired from the army and was living a quiet life in the English countryside writing books and employed by the Country Life magazine as sports editor. He and Jerrold were old friends and both men belonged to well established Catholic families. Jerrold spoke of the plan. He told Pollard that they were looking for someone to take charge of a small plane which was to land in the Canary Islands. The plane would then be used by General Franco to fly to Spanish Morocco. The mission would have to be top secret. The flight would be registered as a pleasure trip and to add some credence to this, Jerrold suggested that a couple of girls should join the party. Jerrold and Bolin had already organised the plane, a DH-89 Dragon Rapide chartered to the British company Olley Air Service at Croydon Airport. The pilot was to be Captain Cecil Bebb. Pollard had to move quickly. Surprisingly he engaged the services of his 19 year old daughter, Diana, and a friend Dorothy Watson to act as his fellow joy-riders. The plane took off from Croydon airport, near London on July 11th 1936. Pleasure trip? It was less than 10 years since Lindbergh had flown the Atlantic. In order to avoid Spanish air space they flew by way of Biarritz, Oporto, Lisbon and Casablanca. The last hop was from Cape Juby to Gran Canaria. Pollard and the girls caught the ferry to Tenerife and booked into the Hotel Pino de Oro. Pollard had been given a password in order to convince Franco of their authenticity and was instructed to proceed to the Clinica Costa in Santa Cruz and ask for Dr. Gabarda. The password was Galicia saluda a Francia (Galicia greets France). Gabarda paid no attention, possibly because Pollard pronounced this badly. However, the password written down, according to Bolin, was Galicia saluda a Franco (Galicia greets Franco) which makes much more sense as Franco was born in Galicia. Pollard told a reporter three years later that, when he gave the password, Gabarda looked scared to death. No wonder – he’d been confronted with an incorrect password. Pollard was told to return to the hotel and wait until he was contacted. This happened almost immediately and Pollard confirmed to Captain Bebb he was to take the new passengers on to Tetuan in Spanish Morocco. To maintain a semblance of normality, just before he left Tenerife, Franco played golf with Mrs Moore, the wife of the director of Fyffes. Franco made his escape. He took over the Spanish Army of Africa which heralded the start of the Spanish Civil War. Hugh Pollard was an experienced member of the British secret services being a firearms expert who had served in wars and revolutions in Ireland, Mexico and Morocco, sometimes posing as a journalist. He spoke Spanish fluently. His comical lack of the command of the language must have been part of the act. Luis Bolin described Pollard in his memoir of the venture as a bluff officer type who spoke no Spanish. Pollard’s friend Douglas Jerrold was also a leading figure in MI6. Had the plot failed especially in these tempestuous times, Pollard and company would probably have been shot. The Catholic connection would have been too brittle to escape death, but it served to deceive their co-plotters ““ the Spanish monarchists. But why on earth did this man include his daughter in such a dangerous mission? My only guess is that she had joined the service. I can find no record of how they returned to Britain. Captain Cecil Bebb also came across as being a simple adventurer. He lived to be 97 and in a television interview in 1983 declared that he had been 'approached by a gentleman from Spain, who asked me if I was prepared to go to the Canary Islands to get a Riff leader who was to start an insurrection in Spanish Morocco. I thought what a delightful idea, what a great adventure.' Who are you kidding, Captain Bebb? Both Pollard and Bebb were awarded medals by Franco at the end of the Civil War. Source: tenerifemagazine.com Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.651-659 (01.11.1937) Mi.651-659 (01.11.1937) Mi.651-659 Mi.651 (Ref: 09.04.1938) Mi.652 (Ref: 20.01.1938 - 1/2) Mi.653 (Ref: 16.01.1938) Mi.653 (Ref: 09.04.1938) Mi.655 (Ref: 26.01.1938 - 1/8) Mi.656 (Ref: 31.03.1938 - 2/7) Mi.658 (Ref: 03.03.1938 - 1/9) Mi.659 (Ref: 20.01.1938 - 1/2) W123 (Mi.654 + Mi.653). Ref: 29.11.1937 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

25th May 1937 Kaiser Wilhelm Monument 25th May 1937 Kaiser Wilhelm Postcard depicting two fashionable gentlemen posing in front of the Kaiser Wilhelm Monument in Berlin. Ref: 25.05.1937 National Kaiser Wilhelm Monument From Wikipedia: The National Kaiser Wilhelm Monument ( Kaiser-Wilhelm-Nationaldenkmal ) was a memorial structure in Berlin dedicated to Wilhelm I, first Emperor of Imperial Germany. It stood in front of the Berlin Palace from 1897 to 1950, when both structures were demolished by the German Democratic Republic (GDR) government. The Kaiser Wilhelm Monument in context to its surroundings (seen in the lower left of the picture). Ref: 09.08.1934 The monument featured an imposing equestrian statue of Emperor Wilhelm I. The memorial was built in front of the Eosander portal on the west side of the Berlin Palace. The design of the memorial was commissioned by Wilhelm I's grandson, Kaiser Wilhelm II, in the Baroque Revival style and cast by the sculptor Reinhold Begas, who had also designed the Siegesallee and the Bismarck Memorial in Tiergarten. The Kaiser Wilhelm Monument as viewed from Berlin Palace. Ref: 07.07.1937 During the November Revolution of 1918, the monument was damaged in parts, so in the early days of the Weimar Republic the government decided to restore the monument instead of removing it. The monument came through The Second World War relatively undamaged. In the winter of 1949/50, the GDR's ruling party, the SED decided to demolish the monument to its base. The demolition was politically motivated, as was the case a short time later with the decision to demolish the City Palace. The base still exists today on the southwestern edge of the castle square and is a listed building. The base floor is partially decorated with mosaics that are now protected under a layer of asphalt from the elements. In the underground vaults of the pedestal, street artists are known to leave their works, which can be visited at irregular intervals at one's own risk on descending a steep ladder into a revision shaft. From the actual monument, the four lions survived and now are on display outside the lion house at the Berlin Zoo. Furthermore, one remaining eagle statue by August Gaul is now owned by the Mark Brandenburg Museum. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

14th June 1937 SCW- Ibiza 14th June 1937 SCW Ibiza Postcard sent from the Kriegsmarine Torpedo Boat 'Seeadler' (Sea Eagle). Featuring various postage stamps, including a 5 cts Ibiza 'Pro Paro'. Ref: 14.06.1937 Also see - Italian postcard 'Franchigia Postale' from 'Divisione XXIII - Vampe Nere' Ibiza 1937 (Spanish Civil War) - See 27/54 IBIZA Spanish Civil War - Nationalist Local Issues 5 Cts. (date ? - Allepuz 11). With hole-punch? Ref: 14.06.1937 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

1st September 1937 1st September 1937 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page