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23rd June 1943 B&M Mi.K4 II a 23rd June 1943 B&M Mi.K4 II a 23.06.1943 M.PK4 IIb B&M Bank reverse.jpeg 23.06.1943 M.PK4 IIb B&M Bank reverse.jpeg 1/1 Upper portion of Bohemia & Moravia letter-card Mi.K4 IIa (grey-white stationery, linear and colourless perforations, imprint '1 K 30 h'). First issued in 1942. Ref: 23.06.1943 Südwestdeutsche Beamtenbank (Southwest German Civil Service Bank) From Wikipedia: From 1972 until 2005 five independent cooperative banks came under the Badische Beamtenbanks (BBBank) umbrella: the Hessische Beamtenbank ( Darmstadt ), the Südwestdeutsche Beamtenbank ( Frankfurt am Main), the Beamtenbank zu Köln , the Bayerische Beamten Bank and last the Schleswig-Holsteinische Beamtenbank . Since then the BBBank is the only civil servants bank in Germany. The BBBank eG (formerly Badische Beamtenbank ) is a German cooperative bank headquartered in Karlsruhe ( Baden-Württemberg ). It is solely focused on private banking . With total assets of almost 11 billion Euros and over 470,000 members the bank is one of the biggest member banks in Germany . On 12th November 1921 the BBBank was founded as a self-help facility for the public service in Karlsruhe. The Badische Beamten-Genossenschaftsbank eGmbH (Baden cooperative bank for civil servants), as the BBBank was called in those days, began operation on 1st January 1922 with 33 founding members in a small room in the House Nowackanlage 19. Already two years later the building on Waldstraße 1 was purchased, which to this day is part of the head office of the BBBank. With the Nazi seizure of control in January 1933 the civil servants bank had to accept losses in the course of the Gleichschaltung (enforced conformity). The cooperative idea of self-help was majorly cut back and twisted for the new regimes purposes. In April 1933 Gotthold Mayer had to step down from his chairman position. However, in the beginning of 1946 he was able to take back the leadership of the Badischen Beamtenbank and navigate the Institute through the difficult post-war years and the currency reform. Only in 1967 the bank founder retired at the age of 80. At this point the bank had 136,000 members as well as 14 branches and was the biggest credit cooperative in Europe. Gotthold Mayer remained honorary chairman of the bank until his death on 7th February 1970. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

20th March 1947 Arthur Sauer 20th March 1947 Arthur Sauer 1/1 Commercial correspondence between Willi Knippert jun. Arzneimittelgrosshandlung (Pharmaceutical wholesaler) to Deutsche Milchwerke Dr. A. Sauer (the name of the company included the owners name. Sauer had passed away in his early 70's only four months previous to this correspondence). Ref: 20.03.1947 - 17/33 Commercial correspondence concerning the supply of raw materials. Arthur Sauer Arthur Sauer (1874 - 1946) was a German chemist, entrepreneur and patron of the arts. Arthur Sauer was born in April 1874 as the son of Kaspar Sauer, a member of the Schönborn chancellery and domain council, in Wiesentheid in Lower Franconia. He studied chemistry in nearby Würzburg from the winter semester of 1893/94 and received his doctorate in 1897 from the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Würzburg. Before that, he was an assistant to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen for some time. The title of his dissertation was 'On isonitramines and their splitting into hyponitrous acid'. Sauer, however, was drawn to chemical practice, so that in 1897 he moved to relatives in Bensheim on the Bergstrasse. In that year he also joined the company of the Worms pharmacist Rudolf Pizzala, which he took over just one year later. The money for this was provided to him by Wilhelm Euler, a paper manufacturer and politician from Bensheim. In the same year he married Anna Maria Feigel (d. 1945), a daughter of a wine merchant family from Bensheim. Before the First World War, Sauer ran for Friedrich Naumann's party in Bensheim and hoped to win a seat in the Reichstag. In the 1912 elections, however, he lost to the SPD candidate. Due to his age, he was spared from being called up for World War I. A further attempt to get into the Reichstag in 1920 failed, after which he scaled back his political involvement and concentrated on his travels, his literary work and his company. In his literary and philosophical publications during the First World War, various echoes of Rudolf Steiner's anthroposophy can be recognised. After the First World War, the economic development of his company was not initially favourable. For a short time, he even considered separating from it completely. However, the mid-1920s saw an upturn when production was switched to medicines and cosmetics under the brand name Fissan. Arthur Sauer initially changed the name of the company to Deutsche Milchwerke Dr. A. Sauer and became successful with the products of the Fissan brand. From 1924 onwards, the company therefore took the name Fissan-Werke . In 1882, the Worms pharmacist Rudolf Pizzala began producing organic tonics, initially on a small scale with around six employees. In 1897, the chemist Arthur Sauer joined the company and took over the business in 1898. He specialised in milk preparations based on the chemical substance casein and named his company Deutsche Milchwerke Dr. A. Sauer . Expansion was achieved, among other things, by setting up branch plants - for example in Stockheim (Upper Hesse). In the 1920s and early 1930s, Sauer made numerous trips to Egypt, North Africa, Italy, Spain, Portugal and South America. There he collected lasting artistic impressions that would influence his further structural and artistic developments in his company in Zwingenberg. In 1927 he met Georg Fehleisen, a young architect who shared his love for modern architecture in the Bauhaus style as well as anthroposophical attitudes. From 1928 onwards, Fehleisen became the in-house architect for Arthur Sauer and his Fissan works. In 1933/1934, Georg Fehleisen (1893–1936) built a small factory housing estate for workers and employees of Deutsche Milchwerke AG . The estate consists of seven individual houses. Four houses with a square floor plan are arranged symmetrically. Above is the villa of the works manager and at the same height, a little further north, is the smaller villa of the deputy works manager. The seventh building, a workers' house with a steep gable roof, is located to the northwest. During the Nazi era, the complex was named 'Adolf Hitler Settlement' with the highest approval from Christmas 1933. Today, the houses are located on the Arthur Sauer site, named after the entrepreneur. The settlement is also a listed building. Georg Fehleisen officially died on 30th November 1936 as a result of a car accident. Suspicions that this was a suicide could never be completely dispelled. On 1st May 1937, the factory was named a National Socialist model company - and this continued until 1939, with the participating companies having to face the competition again and again. The 'golden flag' of the German Labor Front flew on the Fissan buildings. After the occupation of Zwingenberg by American troops on 27th March 1945, the Fissan factory facilities and parts of the factory settlement as well as the Sauer villa were confiscated. The outsourced production was able to resume on 30th April 1945. After expropriation and denunciation proceedings, Arthur Sauer died on 29th November 1946 under unclear circumstances. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

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18th July 1943 Hotel Bristol, Berlin 18th July 1943 Hotel Bristol, Berlin 1/1 Postal stationery sent from the Hotel Bristol on the Unter den Linden, Berlin, to a recipient in Kiel. Ref: 18.07.1943 Hotel Bristol Postcard depicting the Hotel Bristol, Unter den Linden, Berlin. Ref: 18.07.1943 (unused)

15th August 1943 JB:Vienna 15th August 1943 JB:Vienna 15.08.1943 Vienna cancel reverse.jpeg 15.08.1943 Vienna cancel reverse.jpeg 1/1 Registered cover sent from Vienna to Bamberg. Featuring a special Viennese cancellation (JB:Wien107/769). Ref: 15.08.1943 WIEN cancellations as featured in the Bochmann catalogues (1952) JB:Wien107/769 - 'Grosser Preis von Wien'. Ref: 15.08.1943 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.911-937 (Feb. - May 1946) First Control Commission Issue Mi.911-937 (Feb. - May 1946) First Control Commission Issue 29.03.1946 Dresden Horst Kempe reverse.jpeg 29.03.1946 Dresden Horst Kempe reverse.jpeg 1/1 'Horst Kempe' cover featuring postage stamps Mi.911, Mi.915, Mi.928 and Mi.50G). Ref: 29.03.1946 - 10/61 Joint Allied Occupation Issue - First Control Commission Issue Mi.911 - 937 issued between 2nd February and 12th May 1946 1 Rpf - Mi.911 (11th February). Ref: 29.03.1946 - 10/61 2 Rpf - Mi.912 a or b? (19th April). Ref: 01.11.1947 - 17/46 3 Rpf - Mi.913 (11th February). Ref: 10.04.1946 - 10/64 4 Rpf - Mi.914 a or b? (10th February). Ref: 31.03.1946 - 10/63 5 Rpf - Mi.915 a or b? (7th February). Ref: 29.03.1946 - 10/61 6 Rpf - Mi.916 a, b or c? (2nd February). Ref: 16.03.1946 - 10/60 6 Rpf - Mi.916 a, b or c? (2nd February). Ref: 19.02.1946 - 10/42 8 Rpf - Mi.917 (11th February). Ref: 31.03.1946 - 10/63 10 Pf - Mi.918 a, b, c or d? (11th February). Ref: 23.08.1947 - 17/17 12 Rpf - Mi.919 a or b? (2nd February). Ref: 27.03.1946 - 10/62 12 Rpf. - Mi.920 a,b,c or d? (14th April). Ref: 03.04.11947 - 16/70 12 Rpf. - Mi.920 a,b,c or d? (14th April). Pink tint to numeral '12'. Ref: 16.08.1946 - 17/45 Note on Mi.920 : From Michel 'Germany Specialized 2015/2016' 2nd Ed. Vol. 2 , 'Frequently the number or letters that were supposed to be white were tinted due to colour mix up.' Further research required. 15 Rpf - Mi.921 a or b? (11th February). Ref: 24.10.1946 - 13/106 15 Rpf - Mi.922 a, b or c? (14th April). Ref: 09.03.1947 - 14/3 20 Rpf - Mi.924 a, b, c or d? (11th Feb). Ref: 09.03.1947 - 14/3 24 Pf - Mi.925 a,b,c or d (11th February). Ref: 07.05.1946 - 15/35 25 Pf - Mi.927 (19th April). Ref: 23.08.1947 - 17/17 30 Rpf - Mi.928 a, b or c (9th February). Ref: 29.03.1946 - 10/61 40 Rpf - Mi.929 a, aa or b? (11th February). Ref: 16.03.1946 - 10/60 Example of Mi.929 tied with a commemorative cancellation (JB:Berlin394/133). Ref: 10.02.1946 - 16/47 Note of Mi.929 . Michel states that the earliest known usage of Mi.929 is the 11th February 1946. The cancellation states 10th February (and on other postcards using this cancel the date is 9th February). This cancel was used for the FDGB trade union event held between 9th-11th February 1946. All philatelic material from this event appears to have been unaddressed and used for 'collectors' only. It is important to note that when Michel quotes 'cover prices' these 'prices are for properly franked items which have been legitimately carried through the postal system , and/or with additional postage applied to under-franked items.' Therefore, the date stamp does not apply to 'earliest usage'. 42 Pf - Mi.930 (11th February). Ref: 31.03.1946 - 14/96 45 Rpf - Mi.931 (20th April). Ref: 09.03.1947 - 14/3 75 Rpf - Mi.934 numerous variations (25th April). Ref: 25.07.1946 - 14/2 80 Rpf - Mi.935 a, b, c or d? (11th Feb). Ref: 18.01.1947 - 13/108 84 Rpf - Mi.936 a, b, c or d? (10th April). Ref: 26.10.1946 - 13/105 Stamp Booklet MiNr. 50 Numeral series, 1946 (H-Sheet MiNr. 123 & 124, Se-tenants W158 & S294) S294 (x2) from H-Sheet 123 (Stamp Booklet MiNr. 50). Ref: 02.11.1947 - 16/69 Note: The MHB (Stamp booklet sheet) for these stamps remained unissued. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

8th August 1944 Delta Film Services 8th August 1944 Delta Film Services 1/1 Self-addressed envelope for Delta Filmkopieranstalt (film copying centre) based on Rutterstraße 72 in Berlin. Ref: 08.08.1944 Delta Filmkopieranstalt Further research required Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Greetings postcard sent from architect Clémens Thieme (1861-1945) to a correspondent in Leipzig. Featuring Clemens signature. Ref: 19.05.1936 19th May 1936 Clémens Thieme 1/1 Greetings postcard sent from architect Clémens Thieme (1861-1945) to a correspondent in Leipzig. Featuring Clemens signature. Ref: 19.05.1936 Clémens Thieme's message and signature The message reads ' I would like to express my heartfelt thanks for the wishes of happiness and blessings offered to me on my 75th birthday and for the magnificent floral decorations presented to me.' Clémens Thieme (1861 - 1945) Clemens Thieme was a German architect. He initiated the construction of the Monument to the Battle of the Nations in Leipzig. Clemens Thieme was the son of a minor civil servant. After studying architecture at the Royal Saxon Building Trades School in Leipzig and at the Dresden Polytechnic, he worked as an independent architect in Leipzig from 1887 onwards. Some of the houses he built have been preserved. Thieme was also project manager for the Kingdom of Saxony during the construction of Leipzig Central Station, where he advocated the central terminal station variant. His most important achievement was probably his initiative for the construction of the Monument to the Battle of the Nations. In 1892 he took on the task of pushing forward the efforts to build a national monument to the Battle of the Nations, which had already failed several times. In 1894 he initiated the founding of the German Patriot League and organised the financing of the monument. To this end he appealed for donations and set up a lottery. The design by the architect Bruno Schmitz (1858–1916) was modified or supplemented by Thieme in key points; for example the installation of the crypt and the attachment of the freedom guards and the summit stone. The construction work was also carried out under Thieme's direction. Thieme is also considered one of the initiators of the Saxon-Thuringian Industrial and Trade Exhibition in Leipzig in 1897. From 1888, Thieme was a member of the Leipzig Masonic Lodge Apollo . Here he was a master according to the degree classification. Clemens Thieme died at the age of 84 on 11th November 1945 in Leipzig. He was buried in the Leipzig South Cemetery at the foot of the Battle of the Nations Monument (XII. Section/Plot 164). The grave was converted into a grave of honor. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

23rd July 1943 Willy Birgel 23rd July 1943 Willy Birgel 1/0 See 23rd July 1943 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

19th December 1939 Maison Vide/ Al Mittente 19th December 1939 Maison Vide/ Al Mittente 1/1 Cover sent from Milan (date cancel 19.12.1939) to a 'premises unoccupied' in London. Hand-stamped 'MAISON VIDE' (empty house) in violet together with date stamped (27.12.1939). Further hand-stamp 'AL MITTENTE' (return to sender) in black. Opened by British censor and resealed ('P.C. 66/ OPENED BY/ CENSOR/ 1193'). With Milan date stamp to reverse (08.01.1940). Note: It appears that 84 Oxford Street may have been destroyed during the blitz on London. Ref: 19.12.1940 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

25th January 1943 Feldpost 'o' designation 25th January 1943 Feldpost 'o' designation 25.01.1943 'o' designation reverse.jpeg 25.01.1943 'o' designation reverse.jpeg 1/1 Feldpost cover with clear 'o' designation to the cancel (low position). Ref: 25.01.1943 'FELDPOST ' designation letters: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o , a1etc. , Aa etc. , Misc. Feldpost designation letter 'o' variations (Just below) level position. Ref: 05.07.1943 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page