1st October 1947 JB: Schwerte 1st October 1947 Schwerte Cancellation 'Collectors' postcard with special cancellation commemorating 1000 years of Schwerte (a lesser seen cancellation - although in this case it should be noted that no postage stamp has been cancelled. Other postcards, almost identical, were sent by Otto Kusel). There may be a significance in the postage stamp used - the colours of the Schwerte flag are red and white (apparently agreed in 1947). The building depicted in the cancellation is the Town Hall (now a museum). Ref: 01.10.1947, JB:Schwerte1/681 Note: Schwerte was without a special cancellation up to this point in 1947. Schwerte Schwerte is situated in the Ruhr valley, at the south-east border of the Ruhr Area. South of Schwerte begins the mountainous Sauerland region. After the local government reforms of 1975 Schwerte consists of the following districts: Schwerte, Holzen, Westhofen, Ergste, Geisecke, Villigst, and Wandhofen Schwerte received civic rights in the 12th century. The railway facility in the eastern district of Schwerte became a branch of the Buchenwald concentration camp in April 1944. The camp had 445 prisoners in August and 670 in November 1944. The number of escapees was comparatively high; in November 1944 48 prisoners escaped. The camp in Schwerte was disbanded in December 1944 and the remaining prisoners were brought back to Buchenwald.

31st October 1945 31st October 1945 Mi.20 Brunswick C154 Duisberg

Radio and broadcasting Directory Radio and broadcasting Directory Radio Directory Radio Directory 1931 Link to Hagemann & Döpping catalogue of 1931 (for commercial postcard from Hagemann & Döpping see 11.02.1933 ) 1934 Süddeutscher Rundfunk (January 1934) 1935 12th German Radio Exhibition, Berlin 1935 1936 13th German Radio Exhibition, Berlin 1935 - see 09.09.1936 - 23/225 1939 16th Greater German Radio & Television Exhibition, Berlin 1939 Zentralstelle für Deutsche Kulturfunksendungen im Ausland (Central Office for German Cultural Broadcasting Abroad) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

23rd December 1943 23rd December 1943 East Saxony Mi.51 Block of 4 Cover sent from Dresden? to Dresden featuring a block of four 3pf - Mi.51 (some with plate flaws). Ref: 23.12.1945

Mi.19-21 (April 1946) Mi.19-21 (April 1946) Spremberg Mi.19-21 Cover sent from Spremberg to Dresden featuring Spremberg unofficial stamps and a 'Deutsche Post' Mi.915 (a or b?). Ref: 30.03.1945 - 9/67 Problems with this cover: According to Michel this Spremberg (unofficial) issue, became available in April 1945. The date cancellation states 30th March 1945. To the reverse of the cover is the received cancellation from Dresden-Bad Weisser. This reads 13th May 1945 (although the envelope flap breaks the date, making it difficult to read). Therefore, it's most likely a cancellation error at the originating post office. These stamps should note be confused with Mi.17 (8 Pf + 1 M) and Mi.18 (12 pf + 1 M), both of which were valid until the 31st March 1945 and are almost identical to Mi.19-22. The Spremberg issue Mi.19a & b - Mi.22a & b (April 1945) Spremberg unofficial issue 8pf - Mi.19A (perforate). Ref: 30.03.1945 Spremberg unofficial issue 8pf - Mi.19B (imperforate). Ref: 30.03.1945 Spremberg unofficial issue 12pf - Mi.20A (perforate). Ref: 30.03.1945 Spremberg unofficial issue 12pf - Mi.20B (imperforate). Ref: 30.03.1945 Spremberg unofficial issue 8pf - Mi.21A (perforate). Ref: 30.03.1945 Spremberg unofficial issue 8pf - Mi.21B (perforate). Ref: 30.03.1945 Spremberg unofficial issue 12pf - Mi.22A (perforate). Ref: 30.03.1945 Spremberg unofficial issue 12pf - Mi.22B (imperforate). Ref: 30.03.1945

Spanish Civil War Nationalist Propaganda Covers Spanish Civil War Nationalist Propaganda Covers SCW Nationalist Propaganda Covers Spanish Civil War. Nationalist propaganda cover sent from Sevilla to Germany. Featuring various postage stamps, including a 'Pro Sevilla' 5 c. (Allepuz 15). Note regarding this cover: when purchased it was identified as having some relation to Legion 'Condor' due to the address?. Cannot find this link. Further research required. Ref: 20.01.1939 - 3/80 Spanish Civil War NATIONALIST PROPAGANDA COVERS & POSTCARDS Posted ???? Postcard from Malaga to Germany. Ref: 3/83 (date difficult to read). See TRSG 5/80 Posted 1937. Cover from Palma de Mallorca to Germany. Ref: 05.05.1937 Posted 1939. Cover from Sevilla to Germany. Similar to other covers with the addition of the swastika to the upper right corner. Ref: 21.01.1939 - 3/80 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

News in Brief directory News in Brief directory News in Brief Directory News in Brief directory 1933 January 1st January - 'Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte' 15th January - Official unemployment figures released 31st January - Jüdische Rundschau : Editorial February 9th February - 'Terror in Gersfeld' March 10th March - Riots and abuses in Munich 9th/10th March 23rd March - The Enabling Act of 1933 26th May - 'Battle Unions' 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 December 4th December - French military demobilisation 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Olympics Directory Winter 1936 Olympics Directory Winter 1936 Olympics Winter 1936 Olympics Directory WINTER 1936 Postcards Postage stamps, labels and vignettes Mi.600 - Mi.602 postage stamps (25th November 1935) Cancellations - See Bochmann: Garmisch-Partenkirschen Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

German Laws German Laws German Laws German Laws As found within the Brief History collection (with additional transcriptions from official text) Within the Brief History collection Employment in Bohemia & Moravia (1944) Additional sources Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

TYPEFACES TYPEFACES Typefaces Fonts FRAKTUR (above) The first Fraktur typeface arose in the early 16th century, when Emperor Maximilian I commissioned the design of the Triumphal Arch woodcut by Albrecht Dürer and had a new typeface created specifically for this purpose, designed by Hieronymus Andreae. Fraktur types for printing were established by the Augsburg publisher Johann Schönsperger at the issuance of a series of Maximilian's works such as his Prayer Book (Gebetbuch, 1513) or the illustrated Theuerdank poem (1517). The Fraktur typefaces remained in use in Nazi Germany, when they were initially represented as true German script; official Nazi documents and letterheads employed the font, and the cover of Hitler's Mein Kampf used a hand-drawn version of it. However, more modernised fonts of the Gebrochene Grotesk type such as Tannenberg were in fact the most popular typefaces in Nazi Germany, especially for running text as opposed to decorative uses such as in titles. These fonts were designed in the early 20th century, mainly the 1930s, as grotesque versions of blackletter typefaces. The Nazis heavily used these fonts themselves, although the shift remained controversial; in fact, the press was at times scolded for its frequent use of 'Roman characters' under 'Jewish influence' and German émigrés were urged to use only 'German script'. On 3rd January 1941, the Nazi Party ended this controversy by switching to international scripts such as Antiqua. Martin Bormann issued a circular (the 'normal type decree') to all public offices which declared Fraktur (and its corollary, the Sütterlin-based handwriting) to be Judenlettern (Jewish letters) and prohibited their further use. German historian Albert Kapr has speculated that the regime viewed Fraktur as inhibiting communication in the occupied territories during World War II. Source: Wikipedia SÜTTERLIN Sütterlinschrift ('Sütterlin script') is the last widely used form of Kurrent, the historical form of German handwriting that evolved alongside German blackletter (most notably Fraktur) typefaces. Graphic artist Ludwig Sütterlin was commissioned by the Prussian Ministry of Science, Art and Culture (Preußisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Volksbildung) to create a modern handwriting script in 1911. His handwriting scheme gradually replaced the older cursive scripts that had developed in the 16th century at the same time that letters in books had developed into Fraktur. The name Sütterlin is nowadays often used to refer to several similar varieties of old German handwriting, but Sütterlin's own script was taught only from 1915 to 1941 in all German schools. The ministry had asked for 'modern' handwriting scripts to be used in offices and to be taught in school. Sütterlin created two scripts in parallel with the two typefaces that were in use (Antiqua and Fraktur). The Sütterlin scripts were introduced in Prussia in 1915 and from the 1920s onwards they began to replace the relatively similar old German handwriting (Kurrent) in schools. In 1935 the Sütterlin style officially became the only German script taught in schools. The Nazi Party banned all 'broken' blackletter typefaces in 1941, which were seen as chaotic, including Sütterlin, and replaced them with Latin-type letters such as Antiqua. However many German speakers who had been brought up with that writing system continued to use it well into the postwar period. Sütterlin continued to be taught in some German schools until the 1970s but no longer as the primary script. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

ROTE KREUZ Red Cross Directory ROTE KREUZ Red Cross Directory Rote Kreuz Red Cross Directory DEUTSCHE ROTE KREUZ German Red Cross Directory 1942 Red Cross letter-sheet Guernsey 1945 Missing persons enquiry (30.08.1945) 1947 1. Briefmarken Wohltätigkeits Ausstellung zu gusten des Roten Kreuz - see 17/74 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.142 (01.02.1945) B&M definitive Mi.142 (01.02.1945) B&M definitive Mi.142 Bohemia and Moravia Registered cover sent from Klein-Chischka (Chyšky) to an address in Prague. Featuring B&M definitive Mi.142, the last stamp produced during the German occupation. Ref: 03.04.1945 Mi.142 Definitive Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page