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31st March 1946 31st March 1946 Loschwitz Horst Kempe 'Horst Kempe' cover featuring a variety of stamps (4pf Mi.914, 8pf Mi.917, 15pf Mi.47G, 25pf Mi.49G, and 20pf Mi.48A). Not expertised. Ref: 31.03.1946 - 10/63

25th May 1946 25th May 1946 Map envelope Serbia Front only. An envelope seemingly constructed from a map. Ref: 25.05.1946 - 10/67 The location of the map... Two references on the map, Orbraža and Borinci, are both in Serbia.

3rd January 1945 Pages from 'PUNCH' 3rd January 1945 Pages from PUNCH Warsaw Cartoon from PUNCH magazine 3rd January 1943. A soothsayer in Warsaw foretelling of the starvation. The caption reads THE STRICKEN CITY [Your help is earnestly asked for the starving people of Warsaw. Subscriptions for Lady Sinclair's appeal should be sent to Coutts and Co., 440, Strand, London, W.C.2, marked "For the credit of Lady Sinclair's Warsaw Relief Fund'.] Marigold Forbes (Lady Sinclair) Marigold Forbes, born on 26th August 1897, in St George Hanover Square, London, England. She married Sir Archibald Henry Macdonald Sinclair on 18th May 1918, in Boulogne, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. She died on 11th February 1975, in Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, at the age of 77, and was buried in Halkirk, Highland, Scotland. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

10th January 1945 Pages from 'PUNCH' 10th January 1945 Pages from PUNCH Himmler Cartoon from PUNCH magazine 10th January 1945. Himmler the puppet master. The caption reads HIS SERVANT'S VOICE Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

France Private Issues (LVF) France Private Issues (LVF) France Private issue stamps Airmail vignettes issued by the 'Aktionskomitee für die Légion des Volontaries Français contre le Bolchevisme (LVF) [Action Committee for the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism]. Mi.II - F (+10 Fr) - airplane over Europe in black-green/red and M.III/V - F+10 fr - airplane over Europe in carmine and blue (no accent over 'E' in 'SPÉCIAL', position 2, partial edition. Lesser seen/ higher value). Ref: Prophila1 The Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism was a unit of the German Army during World War II consisting of collaborationist volunteers from France. Officially designated the 638th Infantry Regiment (Infanterieregiment 638), it was one of several foreign volunteer units formed in German-occupied Western Europe to participate in the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. Created in July 1941, the LVF originated as an initiative by a coalition of far-right factions including Marcel Déat's National Popular Rally, Jacques Doriot's French Popular Party, Eugène Deloncle's Social Revolutionary Movement and Pierre Costantini's French League. In contrast to the conservative and authoritarian Vichy regime, which considered itself neutral, the LVF's founders explicitly supported Nazi ideology and collaboration with Nazi Germany. The LVF was tolerated by Vichy and received limited personal endorsement from its leading figures. Smaller than originally anticipated, the LVF was sent to the Eastern Front in October 1941. It performed poorly in combat during the Battle of Moscow in November and December 1941 and suffered heavy losses. Its constituent battalions were subsequently split up and only reconstituted into a single formation in September 1943. For most of its existence, it participated in so-called bandit-fighting operations (Bandenbekämpfung) behind the front line in German-occupied Byelorussia and Ukraine and participated in the violent repression of Soviet partisans and associated atrocities against the civilian population. Over the course of its existence, 5,800 men served in the unit, although its strength never exceeded 2,300. After the Allied landings in Normandy and Liberation of France, the LVF was disbanded in September 1944 and its remaining personnel incorporated into the Waffen-SS in the short-lived SS "Charlemagne" Waffen-Grenadier Brigade. (Source: Wikipedia) Mi.IV - V (1942) Airmail vignettes with two line overprint 'FRONT DE L'EST/ OSTFRONT' (Issued by the LVF) Mi.IV - F (+10 Fr). Ref: Prophila1 Mi.V - F +10 Fr. Ref: Prophila1 Mi.VI - X (20th April 1942) Assorted depictions of the war with Legion of French Volunteers symbol (Issued by the LVF) Mi.VI. Ref: Prophila1 Mi.VII. Ref: Prophila1 Mi.VIII. Ref: Prophila1 Mi.IX. Ref: Prophila1 Mi.X. Ref: Prophila1 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Collector's Card (Sammlerausweis) Collector's Card (Sammlerausweis) Collectors Card Sammlerausweis Collectors Cards (Sammlerausweis) A postal document (ID for the purchase of postage stamps), which entitles stamp collectors to continuously obtain a certain number of special postage stamps from a post office within a specified collection period. Collectors cards from 1943 Collectors cards from 1944 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Fleurs & Papillons Fleurs & Papillons Fleurs & Papillons Fleurs & Papillons Prices and description from German Postal History website (USA) and other internet based sources. Most of which is commercial pricing which appears exaggerated but nonetheless reflects what may be achieved. c.1931 (Rare and original, early (1929!) SA / SS propaganda donation card to aid NS Gefangenen und Verwundetenhilfe / National Socialist Prisoners and Wounded injured and imprisoned from their various street battles suppressing the vote and harassing Communmists, Jewish people, etc. With imprinted slogan and signature of Ernst Roehm, Hitler's sergeant and mentor before his execution at Hitler's order in 1934. Only the slightest of wear; in very good condition. $1199 , 2024) , 26.08.1931 , 11.03.1932 , 02.04.1933 (Shows the German steel helmet introduced later in WWI, superimposed on the swastika, for the NS Deutscher Frontkaempfer-Bund / National Socialist (Nazi) Front Soldier's Federation. With eight revenues of three distinct types. $179 . Note: the Fleurs & Papillon card has a photograph, also hand-stamp dated 7th November 1935, the day of dissolution, hence should be $200+? ), 03.05.1933 ( 3rd Reich Germany 1933 May Day Tag der Arbeit Labor Day Cover UNUSED1933 -- the first May Day in NSDAP Germany: 1. Mai Tag der Nationalen Arbeit / May 1st National Labor Day holiday propaganda postcard. Slightly worn, very good condition. $199 ), 09.09.1933 (Rare and original 1933 Hitlerjunge Quex card for the propaganda film of the same name. Unused in top condition - without the additional overprint upper left reverse. $299 , 2024) , 07.09.1934 ( Scarce Stuermer Verlag Nuernberg Reichsparteitag / Nuremberg Rally Day propaganda card. A bit worn, creased upper right corner; used at the Rally in 1934 with event cancel. $229 ), 13.01.1935 , 14.04.1935 , 07.07.1935 , 13.04.1936 , 15.06.1936 (Nadolny, Rudolf. Diplomat (1873-1953). Autographed sentence with signature, with original completed form section and original signature. Constantinople. 1 page folio (223:282 mm). Album page with printed border, printed footer "Contribution to the autograph album 'Germany's Future'" and printed form for biographical data, mounted on a sheet of parchment paper (approx. 330:344 mm). $ 571/550 € .), 18.02.1939 , 23.02.1939 (Anti-Bolshevik, anti-Communist "Bolschewismus ohne Maske (Bolshevism Unmasked) exposition with Anti-Bolschewistische Ausstellung Wien expo machine cancel tying 1938 Sudetenland Couple invasion memorial stamp set. Slightly worn, excellent condition, as per scans. $349 ), 10.05.1939 (2. Reichstagung des RDB: Reichsbund der Deutschen Beamten (RDB) / Imperial Meeting for German Official Workers (Police, fire, etc) in Frankfurt. Genuine use, in top condition , with message and RDB event cancel. $99 ), 23.07.1939 , 24.07.1939 ( Propaganda card for the 1939 Leistungsschau / competitive exhibition of the Hitler Youth in Thueringen Reichsparteitag / Party Rally, from the Hoffmann galleries. Slightly worn, good condition for a genuinely used card with contents from a participant; mailed from the competition with a special cancel from the event (card in Brief History without special cancel). $299 ), 1939 (no date), three propaganda postcards printed but unused for the Nuremberg rally of 1939; Hitler Youth holding flag, two soldiers beneath the eagle, and the eagle beneath a swastika flag with Nurnberg castle in the background, ('... prepared for the 1939 Rally Day but not used since the event was canceled with the outbreak of WWII. These used to be extremely rare, but after a bunch were found in a Nuremberg cellar, they are merely scarce. Not fully completed for the Rally, the backs on all are scenic wallpaper! $139 each). 31.07.1940 (Daughter-in-law of Richard Wagner who was a friend of Hitler and ran the Bayreuth Festival after her husband's death in 1930 until the end of World War II (1897–1980). Matte-finish 4 x 5.75 postcard photo of Wagner in near-profile, signed in black ink, “Herzlichen Dank! Winifred Wagner.” In fine condition, with trivial creasing and the signature and inscription a shade light. Pre-certified PSA/DNA - R&R Auctions sold $400 inc. premium) , 02.06.1941 ( $400 +/- ), 14.11.1941 (Up for auction is a beautiful cover from a detainee in the concentration extermination camp of Auschwitz in Germany occupied Poland. Konzentrationlager KZ and it is addressed to Krakow Poland. Priced to sell. Dated in January 13, 1942. For the serious collector of Judaica and Holocaust related philately this is an exceptional item. Cover is in excellent condition - $300 - Ebay), 26.02.1942 ( £400 , 2022?), 06.02.1945 St. Nzaire feldpost ( €350+ )

16th January 1945 Prague - Pneumatic Post 16th January 1945 Bohemia and Moravia Rohrpost und Eilbote Registered cover sent within Prague utilising the pneumatic post service. Ref: 16.01.1945 - 7/84 Prague - Pneumatic postal service From Wikipedia: Prague pneumatic post is the world's last preserved municipal pneumatic post system. It is an underground system of metal tubes under the wider centre of Prague, totalling about 55 km (34 miles) in length. The system started service in 1889 and remained in use by the government, banks and the media until it was rendered inoperative by the August 2002 European floods. The system uses aluminium capsules measuring 48 mm in outer-diameter and 200 mm in length. On the rear end they are fitted with a plastic circlet, preventing friction against walls of the pipe and a soft plastic skirt, sealing air behind the capsule. The diameter of the rear circlet is 57 mm. The remaining 8 mm of the bore are sealed just by the skirt, allowing for excellent airtightness and low friction at the same time. Each lane is equipped with a dedicated propulsion unit, consisting of an electrically-powered air pump. One pump can service at most 3 km of pipeline, so it's necessary to use several pumps on longer lanes. Prague pneumatic post network consists of five main lanes arranged in a star topology, fitted with switches and concentrators, and of subscriber's lines . The total length of the lanes is about 55 km. Some of the most frequented segments have two pipes (one for each direction), but the majority of the lanes use a single pipe and the direction is determined by setting up the pumps to run in the desired direction. The main lanes connect the following post offices and bureaus: Jindřišská – Prague 2, Prague 3, Prague 10 Jindřišská – Prague 1, Prague 2 Jindřišská – Prague 5 Jindřišská – Prague 6 Jindřišská – Prague 7 All the lanes converge to the main post office in Jindřišská Street. Here, all the packages were carefully recorded and from here the network was controlled and monitored. This is also the place where the packages were forwarded from one lane to another. The capsule was picked up from a receiving pocket by a member of staff, recorded and inserted into the inlet of another lane. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.1 - 16 (12.06 - 09.1945) Görlitz Mi.1 - 16 (12.06 - 09.1945) Görlitz Gorlitz Mi.1-16 Repurposed feldpost card sent from Görlitz to Berlin. Featuring Stadt Görlitz local issue 6 Pf (Mi.10a). Ref: 01.09.1945 Görlitz Local Issues (12th June 1945 - End of September 1945) Definitive stamps (12th June 1945) Mi.1 - Mi.4 Definitive stamps (mid-August 1945) Mi.5 - Mi.8 Definitive stamps (mid-August 1945) Mi.9 - Mi.12 Mi.10a. Ref: 01.09.1945 Definitive stamps (end of September 1945) Mi.13 - Mi.16 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

20th March 1947 20th March 1947 Arthur Sauer Commercial correspondence between Willi Knippert jun. Arzneimittelgrosshandlung (Pharmaceutical wholesaler) to Deutsche Milchwerke Dr. A. Sauer (the name of the company included the owners name. Sauer had passed away in his early 70's only four months previous to this correspondence). Ref: 20.03.1947 - 17/33 Commercial correspondence concerning the supply of raw materials. Arthur Sauer Arthur Sauer (1874 - 1946) was a German chemist, entrepreneur and patron of the arts. Arthur Sauer was born in April 1874 as the son of Kaspar Sauer, a member of the Schönborn chancellery and domain council, in Wiesentheid in Lower Franconia. He studied chemistry in nearby Würzburg from the winter semester of 1893/94 and received his doctorate in 1897 from the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Würzburg. Before that, he was an assistant to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen for some time. The title of his dissertation was 'On isonitramines and their splitting into hyponitrous acid'. Sauer, however, was drawn to chemical practice, so that in 1897 he moved to relatives in Bensheim on the Bergstrasse. In that year he also joined the company of the Worms pharmacist Rudolf Pizzala, which he took over just one year later. The money for this was provided to him by Wilhelm Euler, a paper manufacturer and politician from Bensheim. In the same year he married Anna Maria Feigel (d. 1945), a daughter of a wine merchant family from Bensheim. Before the First World War, Sauer ran for Friedrich Naumann's party in Bensheim and hoped to win a seat in the Reichstag. In the 1912 elections, however, he lost to the SPD candidate. Due to his age, he was spared from being called up for World War I. A further attempt to get into the Reichstag in 1920 failed, after which he scaled back his political involvement and concentrated on his travels, his literary work and his company. In his literary and philosophical publications during the First World War, various echoes of Rudolf Steiner's anthroposophy can be recognised. After the First World War, the economic development of his company was not initially favourable. For a short time, he even considered separating from it completely. However, the mid-1920s saw an upturn when production was switched to medicines and cosmetics under the brand name Fissan. Arthur Sauer initially changed the name of the company to Deutsche Milchwerke Dr. A. Sauer and became successful with the products of the Fissan brand. From 1924 onwards, the company therefore took the name Fissan-Werke . In 1882, the Worms pharmacist Rudolf Pizzala began producing organic tonics, initially on a small scale with around six employees. In 1897, the chemist Arthur Sauer joined the company and took over the business in 1898. He specialised in milk preparations based on the chemical substance casein and named his company Deutsche Milchwerke Dr. A. Sauer . Expansion was achieved, among other things, by setting up branch plants - for example in Stockheim (Upper Hesse). In the 1920s and early 1930s, Sauer made numerous trips to Egypt, North Africa, Italy, Spain, Portugal and South America. There he collected lasting artistic impressions that would influence his further structural and artistic developments in his company in Zwingenberg. In 1927 he met Georg Fehleisen, a young architect who shared his love for modern architecture in the Bauhaus style as well as anthroposophical attitudes. From 1928 onwards, Fehleisen became the in-house architect for Arthur Sauer and his Fissan works. In 1933/1934, Georg Fehleisen (1893–1936) built a small factory housing estate for workers and employees of Deutsche Milchwerke AG . The estate consists of seven individual houses. Four houses with a square floor plan are arranged symmetrically. Above is the villa of the works manager and at the same height, a little further north, is the smaller villa of the deputy works manager. The seventh building, a workers' house with a steep gable roof, is located to the northwest. During the Nazi era, the complex was named 'Adolf Hitler Settlement' with the highest approval from Christmas 1933. Today, the houses are located on the Arthur Sauer site, named after the entrepreneur. The settlement is also a listed building. Georg Fehleisen officially died on 30th November 1936 as a result of a car accident. Suspicions that this was a suicide could never be completely dispelled. On 1st May 1937, the factory was named a National Socialist model company - and this continued until 1939, with the participating companies having to face the competition again and again. The 'golden flag' of the German Labor Front flew on the Fissan buildings. After the occupation of Zwingenberg by American troops on 27th March 1945, the Fissan factory facilities and parts of the factory settlement as well as the Sauer villa were confiscated. The outsourced production was able to resume on 30th April 1945. After expropriation and denunciation proceedings, Arthur Sauer died on 29th November 1946 under unclear circumstances. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Anschluss Directory Anschluss Directory Anschluss Directory Commemorative postcard for the upcoming plebiscite in Austria. Featuring commemorative postage stamps (but without 6 Pf imprint stamp of the same design) and two special cancellations. Ref: 10.04.1938 Anschluss Directory 'Ganz Deutschland Ja!' (leaflet affixed to postal stationery) - see 28/86 'Osterreich kehrt heim'. BV2137 - see 28/89 Over-labelled cover of the 'Vaterlandische Front', with printed slogan 'Stimmt mit Ja!. To reverse a printed propaganda label for the plebiscite of the 10th (ø39mm) - see 28/94 Hitler in Salzburg briefstempel 13.MÄRZ.1938/ EIN VOLK EIN REICH/ EIN FÜHRER' . Postcard See possible varitions at 28/91 & 28/92 Series of 10 postcards depicting Austrian cities Hand-stamp Slogans Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page