Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia The military occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany began with the German annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938, continued with the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and by the end of 1944 extended to all parts of Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakian postage stamps Postage stamps within the Brief History collection Post War - see 36/44 (Mi.416, 417) Slogans 'Wir haben das Joch getragen/ nun sind wir frei und bleiben frei!/ Postamt Asch 1, am 21. September 1938' (variations) ' Der Führer in Haida 6.Okt.1938' Occupation Feldpost (15.03. - 30.04.1939) German feldpost covers, postcards, caches and cancels 18.03.1939 24.03.1939 26.03.1939 Army in Exile, United Kingdom Wrapper to soldier in Field Ambulance unit - see 13.30.1942 - 19/134 Exhibition of Czechoslovakia Stamps As displayed in London, 1943 Third Czechoslovak Republic The Third Czechoslovak Republic, officially the Czechoslovak Republic, was a sovereign state from April 1945 to February 1948 following the end of the Second World War . Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

31st December 1945 31st December 1945 Czech New Year Postcard - Bratislava to London. Czechoslovak New Year postcard bearing the Slovak greeting “Šťastlivý Nový Rok” — “Happy New Year”, sent from Bratislava on 23rd December 1945 to Karel Seifler and “all the others” at 91A Linden Gardens, London W.2. It is franked with 1 K and 1.50 K stamps of the 1945 Bratislava issue, bearing the restored Czechoslovak lion. The 1 K and 1.50 K values are catalogued as Mi. 416 and 417. The colourful optimism of the postcard contrasts strongly with the realities of Czechoslovakia's first post-war winter. Food and consumer goods remained scarce and rationed, while many families were mourning people lost during the occupation and war. Nevertheless, New Year 1946 represented something extraordinary: the beginning of the first full calendar year of peace in a restored Czechoslovakia. The prominent new calendar page bearing the figure “1”, surrounded by flowers and the greeting Šťastlivý nový rok , therefore provides a particularly evocative contemporary image of hope and renewal at the end of 1945. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

31st December 1945 31st December 1945 WEFRA Commercial 'WEFRA" cover sent from Frankfurt to Usingen. Note the 'obliterated ' cancel omitting 'Stadt des Deutschen Handwerks' (JB: Frankfurt77/284). Featuring stamp Mi.7. Ref: 31.12.1945 Link to WEFRA website Additional WEFRA correspondence 'WEFRA-WERBE-WINKE By order of the Military Government - INFORMATION CONTROL DIVISION - Frankfurt a.M. of 3 November 1947, it is unfortunately not possible for us to continue publishing WWW until further notice. We regret this decision all the more as we know from countless letters how valuable the WWW was for the recipients. We hope that we will be able to resume publication of the WWW to the usual extent at a later date.' Commercial postcard sent from WEFRA (on Kronprizenstr.) informing customers of the cessation of the WEFRA catalogue. Ref: 21.11.1947 - 16/16 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

15th December 1945 15th December 1945 Mi.1-7 Plauen Large 'nachnahme' cover sent from Leipzig to an address in Chemnitz. Featuring 12 + 8 Pf Plauen (Mi.5y). Ref: 14.05.1946 - 11/18 German Local Issue - Plauen - Reconstruction Mi.1 - 7 issued 15th December 1945 Mi.5y (thick white paper). Ref: 14.05.1946 - 11/18

17th December 1945 17th December 1945 Mi.85-86 Land Reform Allied Occupation - Soviet Zone - Province of Saxony 'Land Reform' Mi.85 - 86 issued on 17th December 1945 12pf - Mi.86 (Ref: 10.04.1946 - 10/64)

WEHRMACHT WEHRMACHT Wehrmacht Directory WEHRMACHT DIRECTORY The Wehrmacht were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force). The designation 'Wehrmacht' replaced the previously used term 'Reichswehr' (Reich Defence) and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted. Call-up instruction sheet Anti-aircraft Flak 30 (used postcard). Ref: 26/5 Flak 3.7 or 5cm/ - see 26/89 Richtungshörer (Directional earpiece) Anti-tank 3.7cm Pak 36 Sonderkraftfahrzeug ( Sd.Kfz) special purpose vehicle See - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sd.Kfz._designations Sd.Kfz 161 - Panzer IV Sd.Kfz 232 - Panzerspähwagen - see 28.09.1940 Heer formations (inc. SS) FPN's (within the Brief History collection) Kriegsmarine formations FPN's (within the Brief History collection) Luftwaffe formations FPN's (within the Brief History collection) Ranks and responsibilities Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Spanish Civil War Directory Spanish Civil War Directory Spanish Civil War directory Commemorative cover featuring the image of General Franco. Sent air mail from Palma de Mallorca (local issue postage stamp for Mallorca 'Allepuz 97') to an address in Germany ('Adolf Hitlerstrasse'). Also featuring postage stamps Mi.776 (3 cts) and Mi.773 (30 cts). Ref: 05.05.1937 Spanish Civil War (17th July1936 - 1st April 1939) Directory Link to the postage stamps of Spain (non-Civil War) SPANISH REPUBLICAN STAMPS Republican Local Issues Republican political labels Republican political labels (issued abroad) Republican Propaganda Covers & Postcards SPANISH NATIONALIST STAMPS Nationalist Local Issues Comprising links within the Brief History collection to: Cadiz , Huelva , Ibiza , Mallorca , Sevilla Auxilio de Invierno (Winter Relief) Auxilio Social (Social Aid) Cruzada Contra el Frio (Crusade against the cold) Falange Española (Spanish Falange) Frentes y Hospitales (Fronts and Hospitals) Requeté (Carlist Paramilitary) Carlist Nationalist Propaganda Covers & Postcards (also see Italian postcard 'Franchigia Postale' from 'Divisione XXIII - Vampe Nere' Ibiza 1937 (Spanish Civil War) - See 27/54) OTHER STAMPS Patriotic Overprints Postage stamps issued by Republican and Nationalist governments during the Spanish Civil War Separatist and regionalist stamps (Catalonia, Valencia, Balearic Islands, Aragon, Navarra, Galicia, Euskadi) Anti-Separatist labels TOWNS & CITIES Barcelona , Bilbao , Melilla , Santander , Tenerife , Vigo , Zaragoza MISCELLANEOUS Leaders and personalities of the Spanish Civil War Official Spanish Chamber of Commerce in Germany, Frankfurt (Wrapper from San Sebastian. Requires further research) Post-Spanish Civil war censorship Pages from 'Punch' - Cartoon of the Spanish Civil War GERMAN INVOLVEMENT Deutschland incident (1937) The Legion Condor (also see 23/13 - Parade in Barcelona) Tablada Air Base, Sevilla (cover from Krafft Simmross) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Kriegsmarine Vessel Directory Kriegsmarine Vessel Directory Kriegsmarine Vessel Directory Kriegsmarine VESSEL DIRECTORY Incomplete list and not catagorised sufficiently SMS Franfurt (see 17/79) SMS Magdeburg (see 17/79) SMS Brummer (see 17/79) BATTLESHIPS BISMARCK CLASS Bismarck, Tirpitz SCHARNHORST CLASS Scharnhorst , Gneisenau HEAVY CRUISERS DEUTSCHLAND-CLASS Deutschland (Lützow), Admiral Scheer, Admiral Graf Spee - see 28/29 Deutschland incident (1937) Bombing of the heavy cruiser during the Spanish Civil War ADMIRAL HIPPER CLASS Admiral Hipper (see 33/92, a letter from crew member of Hipper) , Blücher, Prinz Eugen LIGHT CRUISERS EMDEN CLASS Emden KÖNIGSBERG CLASS Königsberg, Karlsruhe , Köln LEIPZIG CLASS Leipzig, Nürnberg DESTROYERS TYPE 1934 DESTROYERS Z1 - Leberecht Maas , Z2 - Georg Thiele, Z3 - Max Schultz, Z4 - Richard Bietzen TYPE 1934A DESTROYERS Z5 - Z9 - Wolfgang Zenker - Z16 TYPE 1936 DESTROYERS Z17 - Diether v. Roeder - see 19/7, Z18 - Hans Lüdemann , Z19 - Hermann Künne, Z20 - Karl Galster , Z21 - Wilhelm Heidkamp, Z22 - Anton Schmidtt TYPE 1936A DESTROYERS (Navik & Mob) Z23 - Z34, Z27 - see 36/27, Z37 - Z39 TYPE 1936B DESTROYERS Z35 - 36, Z40 - 45 TYPE 1936C DESTROYERS Z46 - Z50 The Type1936C class was intended to consist of five ships, Z46 , Z47 , Z48 , Z49 and Z50 . They were designed to be an improvement of Type 1936A and B destroyers. Only two of the five ships, Z46 and Z47 , were ever laid down, and work was halted for a year between 1942 and 1943. Construction was constantly interrupted by numerous problems, predominantly due to air raids, material supply delays and a shortage of copper. The two ships that were laid down, Z46 and Z47 , were blown up by Allied troops in 1945. Source: Wikipedia 2026 TYPE 1937J DESTROYERS The Type 1937J destroyer class was a design created by the Kriegsmarine in 1937. The destroyers were designed as ocean-going escort ships, which could attack and defend convoys in the Atlantic, while also being able to operate in tropical climates. The design was abandoned before any ships were ordered or laid down, largely because the range and speed requirements could not be achieved without reductions in armament, however it went on to influence later project studies: the Type 1938Ac, 1938Ad, and 1938B destroyers. Source: Wikipedia 2026 TYPE 1945 DESTROYERS The Type 1945 destroyers were a planned class of destroyers, for the Kriegsmarine, whose design was based upon that of the Type 1936D and E destroyers. Their plan involved a return to steam boilers, which had been replaced by diesel engines in all ships designs after the Type 1942 destroyers. No ships were ever built, as the end of the war was rapidly approaching. Source: Wikipedia 2026 TORPEDO BOATS TYPE 35 T1 T12 TYPE 37 TYPE 39 TYPE 40 TYPE 41 TYPE 44 - T18, T19 - T30 Iltis, Wolf, Jaguar, Tiger Möwe, Falke, Kondor, Seeadler (also see 14.06.1937 SCW) VORPOSTENBOOT Patrol boats - coastal patrol, ship escort, and naval combat. V 315 Bris NAVAL ANTI-AIRCRAFT BATTERY Arkona Floating anti-aircraft battery Brummer AUXILIARY SHIPS Youth Hostel & Naval Accommodation Hein Godenwind Versorgungsschiff - Supply ship Brake - see 19/10 Corrientes (clandestine U-boat supply during the Spanish Civil War) Edwin Wassner, Memel, Tanga, Mars, Isar, Lech, Weichsel, Donau, Mosel, Warnow Hela, Nettelbeck, Fuchs, Pelikan, Drache, Brommy, Hecht, Jagd, Delphin, Acheron, Frauenlob, Gazelle, Störtebecker, Nautilus, Otto Braun, Raule Strahl, Nordsee, Paul Beneke, Dahme, Nixe, MT 1 (Heppens), MT 2 (Mariensiel), C 21 - C 24, Orkan, Spree, Carl Zeiss, Taucher T 107, T 108, T 123, T 196, Claus van Bevern, Eduard Jungmann (T 153), T 155, T 156, T 157, T 158 Patrol trawlers (Vorpostenboote) - Beowulf, Freyr, Frithjof, Heimdall, Sigfrid, Wotan, Hagen, Hildbrande, Hugin, Munin, Odin, Volker Target service ships (Zielschiffe) - Hessen, Zähringen MINESWEEPERS M1 - M4, M6 - M36, Taku (M 146), M 72, M 75, M 84, M 98, M 102, M 104, M 110, M 111, M 117, M 117, M 122, M 126, M145, M157 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

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19th February 1946 19th February 1946 Feldpost R-Label Chemnitz Cover sent from Chemnitz to Eschwege, featuring a re-purposed feldpost R-Label ('Chnz 25'). Ref: 19.02.1946 - 10/42