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25th March 1940 1.Osterschiwettkämpfe 1/0 See 25.03.1940 - 23/59 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

4th March 1939 JB: Kaaden 4th March 1939 JB: Kaaden 1/1 Cover featuring a special cancel to record the shooting of demonstrators in front of the Town Hall in Kaaden, 4th March 1919. (Ref: 04.03.1939) JB:Kaaden1/403 - 04.03.1939 - shown here is in album? Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

30th July 1940 Frontstalag 183-A Cover sent to a captured French officer being held at Frontstalag 183-A in Chateaubriant. Reverse. Cover sent to a captured French officer being held at Frontstalag 183-A in Chateaubriant. Reverse. 1/1 Cover sent to a captured French officer being held at Frontstalag 183-A in Chateaubriant. Note to the reverse the expertisation hand-stamp 'HAMMER'. Ref: 03.07.1940 Front Stalag 183-A Chateaubriant There were four camps located at Châteaubriant designated A, B, C and S. These were built by the French to house a possible 75,000 German prisoners-of-war. However, from May 1940 it was Allied soldiers that were imprisoned there. On 14th January 1941 the POWs were conveyed by train to camps in Germany. The four camps at Châteaubriant were then closed. Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.73-74 (25.08.1941) B&M Antonín Dvorák Mi.73-74 (25.08.1941) B&M Antonín Dvorák 02.09.1941 Mi.73-74 Dvorak reverse.jpeg 02.09.1941 Mi.73-74 Dvorak reverse.jpeg 1/1 CTO cover sent from stamp dealer Paul Kuhrt in Prague (featuring one of his 'Viktoria!' cachets). Featuring stamp sequences W Zd 20 (Zf+Mi.73) and W Zd 21 (Mi.74+Zf) from the Bohemia and Moravia Antonín Dvorák issue. Ref: 02.09.1941 - 8/50 Mi.73-74 100th Birthday of Antonín Dvorák W Zd 20 (Zf + Mi.73) Ref: 02.09.1941 - 8/50 W Zd 21 (Mi.74 + Zf) Ref: 02.09.1941 - 08/50 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Stamps of France Stamps of France 12.01.1943 Vichy France reverse.jpeg 12.01.1943 Vichy France reverse.jpeg 1/1 Cover sent from Tilly-sur-Seulles to Mosles, Calvados department, in northern France. Featuring a Vichy France postage stamp depicting the head of Marshal Pétain (Mi.524). With part-inverted date stamp?. Ref: 12.01.1943 Stamps of France Metropolitan France Vichy France - Zone Occupée - Zone Libre - Zone Nord - Zone Sud French Second Republic 2nd December 1852 - 1870 French Third Republic (4th September 1870 - 10th July 1940) Vichy France - The French State (Vichy France - 10th July 1940 - 9th August 1944) Notes: Following the armistice of 22nd June 1940 a demarcation line divided France. To the north and west French land was occupied and largely administered by the German army of occupation. To the south, Zone Libre, the French government had relocated from Paris to Vichy. Case Anton - the occupation of Vichy France (Zone Libre) by German and Italian troops between 10th - 27th November 1942. Following Case Anton, the north and west of France (Zone Occupée) was renamed Zone Nord. The south (Zone Libre) was renamed Zone Sud. The Italian army administered small areas of south-eastern France following the French surrender in 1940. These areas were increased following Case Anton . It is to be noted that the largest town in the initial area of control was Menton. Field post usage from the town during the period of occupation is lesser seen. With the Italian surrender on 8th September 1943 the German army continued in administering these areas. From Wikipedia (2025): The area of south-east France actually occupied by the Italians has been disputed. A study of the postal history of the region has cast new light on the part of France controlled by the Italians and the Germans (Trapnell, 2014). By studying mail that had been censored by the occupying power, this study showed that the Italians occupied the eastern part up to a 'line' joining Toulon - Gap - Grenoble - Chambéry - Annecy - Geneva. Places occupied by the Italians west of this were few or transitory. Mi.524. Ref: 12.01.1943 Mi.528. Ref: Prophila4 See 20.07.1943 (4 Franc Blue) Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

29th November 1937 Heinrich Köhler 29th November 1937 Heinrich Köhler 29.11.1937 Heinrich Kohler reverse.jpeg 29.11.1937 Heinrich Kohler reverse.jpeg 1/1 Return addressed cover sent by a book dealer in Munich to the philatelic auction house of Heinrich Kohler. Postage stamps featured include W123 from MHB 61. Ref: 29.11.1937 Heinrich Köhler Source : heinrich-koehler.de It was Wednesday 23 April 1913, at 2-30 pm: the festive hall of the House of Artists on the Bellevuestrasse in Berlin fills with people. Both the participants and the curious want to see the sensation of the day - the first general stamp auction in Germany. This first auction was an extraordinary success for Heinrich Koehler and the auction house that he founded. An important centre of world philately had come into being - and the company flourished in the years that followed. The most famous collectors of the time, Philippe la Renotière von Ferrary, Baron Rothschild and Fabergé, the celebrated court jeweller of the Russian Tsars, visit the firm in Berlin. Many other important collectors become Koehler's close personal friends: Gaston Nehrlich, Lichtenstein, Weinberger and Oberländer. King George V, and King Carol II of Romania are illustrious guests and customers of the Heinrich Koehler auction house. And not without reason - most of the large collections of the day were auctioned by Heinrich Koehler. Heinrich Koehler achieved worldwide recognition and was a member of important international organisations, also the Expert Committee of the Royal Philatelic Society London (RPSL). He was also invited to sign the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in England - being the second German, after Munk, to achieve this honour. The seizure of power by National Socialism meant an enormous drop in the activities of Heinrich Koehler - from now on the international public largely stayed away. Nevertheless, he was able to hold important auctions before the outbreak of war and also in the early years of the world war - but it was no longer his time. His death on 22nd August 1945 was a huge loss for German and international philately. When he died, he and the philatelic world could look back on 116 auctions containing countless superb items. With the death of Heinrich Koehler an era of philately and philatelic auctions came to an end - though one would hardly like to mention this against the background of world events which overshadowed the evening of his life. Heinrich Koehler's widow Anna, supported a little later by her daughter Henriette Grosse-Heinrich Koehler, nevertheless took over the tasks - in some respects difficult tasks - associated with their inheritance and decided to continue the Heinrich Koehler auction house. Berlin was destroyed. In 1948 the principal building at Friedrichstrasse 166 was requisitioned. Anna Koehler moved the company's headquarters to Wiesbaden, where there were family connections. Eventually, on 19th May 1949 they were finally able to hold the 124th Heinrich Koehler auction, the first at the Nassauer Hof in Wiesbaden. In doing so they began a new era for the auction house, continuing of a tradition whereby Germany stood for values very different from those which the country had embodied from 1933 to 1945. Commercial cover sent from Heinrich Köhler. Featuring a block of 5 & 12 Pf stamps (Mi.468 and Mi.487) taken from booklet sheet MHB 30. The booklet sheet was produced for the Hindenburg 1933 booklet and the block shown on cover may well have been part of H-Pane 77. Ref: 23.04.1934 - 15/93 Further reference: As the son of the opera singer Bernhard Köhler and his wife Ida, he grew up first in Darmstadt and later in Leipzig from 1883 to 1892. He attended school in Leipzig and was a member of the Thomanerchor. He later attended a high school in Cologne until around 1896. In 1897 he began an apprenticeship with the Cologne stamp dealer August Wilhelm Drahn. After completing his apprenticeship, Köhler went on a trip to Nicaragua with his cousin Josef Rener. After returning in April 1901, he worked as a stamp dealer in Cologne for three years. With Gérard Gilbert he founded the company Gilbert & Köhler in Paris at the end of 1903. On 7th October 1904, Köhler married Anna Rener. They had two children together: daughter Renée, born on 26th November 1907, and another daughter named Henriette, born on 17th October 1909, both in Paris. In the 1920s, Köhler had a relationship with his secretary Lina Bereiter. This also resulted in a daughter. Gilbert & Köhler began auctions in 1908. They held 40 auctions until the beginning of 1913, then they separated. Heinrich Köhler started anew in Berlin and held his first auction there on 13th April 1913 and founded the Heinrich Köhler stamp auction house. By the end of the Second World War there would be a total of 116. Famous collectors of their time, such as Philipp von Ferrary , Baron Rothschild and House of Fabergé Agathon Fabergé, the court jeweler of the Russian Tsar, visited him in Berlin. Other well-known collectors became his friends, such as Gaston Nehrlich, Alfred Lichtenstein, Consul Weinberger and Oberländer. King George V, Carol II of Romania , and Simon Wiesenthal, were guests and customers of the Heinrich Köhler auction house. Köhler dealt intensively with counterfeits and counterfeiters. In 1925 he opened an official testing center after years of issuing reports on stamps purchased from his company. In 1925/1926 he managed to convict Rudolf Siegel, a well-known Berlin auctioneer, of distributing and producing counterfeits. In 1926 he developed a 'test stamp system'. In the 1930s he was a member of the associations' supervisory board. Köhler's company was the official auctioneer of IPOSTA Berlin in 1930. He had also worked as a sworn expert for the Berlin Courts (Regional Courts I, II and III) and as a publicly appointed expert for the IHK Berlin. Köhler owned a large collection of forgeries, in which the forgeries of Goegg-Mercier, Hirschburger, Fournier's predecessor and successor, and many 'Ferrarities', but also Fouré forgeries, were documented. The well-known inspector Fritz Starauschek, who later became head of the senior inspection office in the GDR, was among his employees. Heinrich Köhler had been a juror since the 1920s, adjudicating in Paris, Monaco 1928, Berlin – IPOSTA 1930, WIPA 1933, OSTROPA 1935). During the Third Reich he tried to stay out of politics. His daughter Renée had married a Jewish-Russian emigrant. The last time he saw her was at PEXIP in Paris. Köhler's business at Friedrichstrasse 166, which was badly damaged before the end of the war, was run by his wife Anna after his death, together with their younger daughter Henriette and their son-in-law Hans Schmidt, from 1948 onwards. Source: Wikipedia Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

German Banks & Financial services German Banks & Financial services Screenshot 2021-11-27 at 09.29.50.png Screenshot 2021-11-27 at 09.29.50.png 1/1 German Banks and Financial services Postal correspondence and stationery Allianz Lebensversicherungs AG. Böhmische Industrial-Bank, Königgrätz (B&M) Deutsche Bank, Mainz Südwestdeutsche Beamtenbank, Frankfurt Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

VDA Association for Germans Abroad VDA Association for Germans Abroad Screenshot 2021-11-27 at 09.29.50.png Screenshot 2021-11-27 at 09.29.50.png 1/1 VDA Volksbund für das Deutschtum im Ausland (Association for Germans Abroad) Artists' Postcards Hertell, Hanna Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

Mi.748-749 (25.07.1940) Eupen, Malmedy & Moresnet 1/1 Official postcard of the Reichskolonialbund, Berlin, depicting the shore-line at Dar es Salaam. Featuring postage stamp Mi.749 (12 Pf - Eupen) tied with special cancellation JB:Aussig2/52. Ref: 06.10.1940 Mi.748 - 749 Reintegration of Eupen, Malmedy and Moresnet. Notes: Engraving: Ernst Vogenauer . Photogravure printing. Sheets 5 x 10. Swastika watermark. Perf. 14. Quantity issued: unknown. Valid until 31.12.1941. Inscription on these stamps reads, 'Eupen-Malmedy again German'. Ernst Vogenauer Ernst Rudolf Vogenauer (1897 - 1972) was a German graphic artist. After World War I, he worked as a poster designer and a book illustrator. He also designed banknotes, postage stamps, wooden toys, and ceramics. Ernst Vogenauer studied in Munich during his early childhood and was a bright student of Fritz Helmut Ehmcke (1878–1965). At the same time, he worked for the Consee's art printing office in Munich. In 1921, he left Munich for a job at the National Printing Office in Berlin where he worked until World War II. He married his wife, Minna, in 1925, who a few years later had their first and only son. It was also at that time in the 1920s that he illustrated an edition of the Bavarian novel Der Wittiber (The Widower) by the German writer Ludwig Thoma (1867–1921). He was gifted in various artistic crafts. In spite of his respect for the Old Masters, he had an open mind about art and was attracted by futurism, cubism, and expressionism with regard to his official work for the National Printing Office of Berlin, and to avoid trouble, he often preferred to mark some of his private artistic works with the special signature 'Saturn'. His artistic friends were mainly Binder, Peter Kraemer (1896–1972), son of an American Bavarian painter also named Peter Kraemer and Carl Johann Rabus (1898–1983), a German expressionist painter. Carl Rabus made a self-portrait with Vogenauer (circa 1927 to 1937) titled: 'Zwei Freunde, Selbst mit Ernst Vogenauer' ('Two friends, Ernst Vogenauer and I'). Today this oil painting is in the private collection of Gerhard Schneider. After World War II, Vogenauer became an art teacher in the High Art School of Berlin-Weissensee, in East Germany. Ernst Rudolf Vogenauer was involved with German expressionism and participated in different international events such as the "First exhibition of modern art" in Bucharest. From 1946 to 1962 he worked as docent at the Berlin-Weissensee Art School (Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weissensee). Source: Wikipedia Mi.748 (6+4 Pf - Church of Saints, Peter, Paul & Quirinus, Malmedy). Ref: 31.07.1940 Mi.749 (12+8 Pf - Eupen). Ref: 20.08.1940 Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page

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24th March 1942 1/1

Officially stationery of Willi Brandes, stamp dealer in Berlin to a fellow collector. Featuring postage stamp sequence S127 from booklet sheet MHB 40. Ref: 17.12.1939 - 15/86 17th December 1936 Willi Brandes 17.12.1936 Willi Brandes cover.jpeg 17.12.1936 Willi Brandes cover.jpeg 1/1 Officially stationery of Willi Brandes, stamp dealer in Berlin to a fellow collector. Featuring postage stamp sequence S127 from booklet sheet MHB 40. Ref: 17.12.1939 - 15/86 Willi Brandes Image of Willi Brandes from the internet Further research required Contact Brief History to inform us of additional information regarding this page